The impact of symptom severity on cognitive function in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis

Abramovitch, Amitai; McCormack, Breana; Brunner, Devon; Johnson, Mckensey; Wofford, Nathan

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.09.003

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Regarding OCD specificity, results pertaining to EF subconstructs including poorer planning have been found in other childhood‐onset mental illnesses (Abramovitch, McCormack, Brunner, Johnson, & Wofford, ). The identified poorer planning of probands and unaffected siblings in comparison to HCs is not purported here to occur exclusively within pediatric OCD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Neurocognitive risk markers in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Negreiros

Belschner

Best

et al. 2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has complex genetic underpinnings, particularly in its earlyonset form, which places siblings at a 10-fold increased risk of developing the disorder. Examination for neurocognitive markers preceding pediatric OCD onset has not been conducted, although markers have been identified in adult OCD. This study compared neurocognition across groups of OCD-affected youth (n = 87), unaffected siblings of those with early-onset OCD (n = 67), and healthy controls (HC; n = 79). Methods: A total of 233 participants aged 6-18 years old completed standardized neurocognitive tests of cognitive flexibility, decision making, planning, response inhibition, spatial working memory, attention, recognition nonverbal memory, and intelligence. They were administered the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Parent version (ADIS-P) and completed self-report anxiety and OCD questionnaires. Linear mixed-effects models tested for differences between groups, adjusting for age, gender, IQ, state anxiety, and ethnicity, and accounting for random effects of family membership. Results: OCD-affected youth and unaffected siblings performed significantly worse on planning in comparison to HCs (Cohen's d = 0.74; 95% CI = [0.11, 1.36]; Cohen's d = 0.75; 95% CI = [0.12, 1.38], respectively; omnibus group effect p = .007). No other significant between-group differences were identified. Conclusions: Neurocognitive performance differences between groups identified planning as a preexisting trait marker of pediatric OCD, while no other domain presented as a preceding marker of pediatric OCD. This differs from adult OCD, which is associated with broader cognitive impairments. Investigating longitudinal trajectories and predictive significance of neurocognition in those affected by, and at risk for, early-onset OCD is warranted. Ideally, this will enhance individualized risk stratification and inform future prevention and early intervention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Neurocognitive risk markers in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Negreiros

Belschner

Best

et al. 2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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“…More severe deficits in OCDpt compared to OCDrel in visual memory ( d = 0.86 v. 0.28), set-shifting ( d = 0.48 v. 0.37), verbal memory ( d = 0.52 v. 0.20) and inhibition ( d = 0.86 v. 0.56) might be partly related to such factors. A recent meta-analysis investigated the relationship between cognitive functions and symptom severity in OCD and found only a small-to-moderate degree of association between OCD symptom severity and cognitive functions (Abramovitch, McCormack, Brunner, Johnson, & Wofford, 2019). Current meta-regression analyses found no significant relationship between symptoms and cognition in OCD which might be partly related to insufficient power of meta-regression analyses to detect small effects as they were based on a relatively small number of studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of neurocognitive deficits in unaffected relatives of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): comparison with healthy controls and patients with OCD

Bora

2020

Psychol. Med.

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BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with cognitive deficits, particularly with executive functions. These findings support fronto-striatal dysfunction in OCD. However, it is not certain whether these findings are trait features of OCD. In recent years, a number of studies have investigated cognitive functions in unaffected relatives of OCD (OCDrel) but the findings of these studies are contradictory.MethodsA systematic review in Pubmed and Scopus databases was performed until 18 March 2019, to locate the studies comparing cognitive functions of OCDrel with healthy controls and OCD patients (OCDpt). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.ResultsCurrent meta-analysis included 16 studies including 527 OCDrel, 445 OCDpt and 639 healthy controls. Healthy controls overperformed OCDpt in all cognitive domains (d = 0.36–0.86). OCDrel underperformed healthy controls in inhibition (d = 0.58, CI = 0.29–0.86), planning (d = 0.45, CI = 0.28–0.63), decision-making (d = 0.58, CI = 0.19–0.98). OCDrel also had small-sized deficits in set-shifting (d = 0.37, CI = 0.04–0.69) and visual memory (d = 0.28, CI = 0.08–0.49). OCDpt underperformed OCDrel in visual memory (d = 0.45, CI = 0.22–0.67) and set-shifting (d = 0.23, CI = 0.04–0.42).ConclusionsCurrent findings suggest that abnormalities in inhibition, planning/problem solving and reward-based decision-making are shared features of OCDrel and OCDpt and might be trait markers related to vulnerability for developing OCD. Visual memory and set-shifting deficits might potentially be biomarkers of incipient illness or subthreshold OCD presentation among OCDrel. Further exploration of cognitive heterogeneity in OCDrel and investigating the effects of the subtypes of OCD in probands on cognitive impairment in OCDrel are needed.

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“…In a large systematic meta-analytic review of correlations between cognitive function and symptom severity in OCD samples. Thirty-eight studies were included; they found a small-to-moderate degree of association between OCD symptom severity and cognitive function [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive function in obsessive compulsive disorder at Zagazig University Hospitals: a case-control study

Youssef

Abouhendy

El-Shabrawy

et al. 2020

Middle East Curr Psychiatry

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Background: Executive function (EF) domain deficits which most reported include in particular set shifting and inhibition, which are considered main deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). So, this research aimed to assess EF in patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD in comparison to a healthy control group; in order to understand the impaction of this disorder on the patient's neuropsychological status. Results: There was no significant difference between OCD patients and controls regarding demographic characteristics. Average duration of illness in OCD group was 3.97 ± 5.08 years. Forty patients (60.6%) had OCD medication prior to the study. Depression was the most prevalent comorbidity among OCD group (36.4%) then anxiety (12.1%) and social anxiety (3%). Regarding WCST indices, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between both groups in total number of correct answers, total number of errors, mean of errors, total number of perseverative errors, mean of perseverative errors, total number of non-perseverative errors, mean of nonperseverative errors, and conceptual level responses without significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in the remaining indices. In ToL indices, there was highly significant difference (P < 0.001) between both groups regarding total time, but not regarding total moves (P ≥ 0.05). The defect in EF was positively correlated to the severity of symptoms of OCD. There was no significant difference between patients who had been receiving medical treatment and those who had not, also between patients who had comorbidities accompanying OCD and those who had not regarding EF as evident by both WCST measured parameters and TOL parameters. Conclusions: OCD patients appear to have EF deficits in the fields of set-shifting, inhibitory control, working memory, and planning ability.

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The impact of symptom severity on cognitive function in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis

Cited by 58 publications

References 49 publications

Neurocognitive risk markers in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Neurocognitive risk markers in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Meta-analysis of neurocognitive deficits in unaffected relatives of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): comparison with healthy controls and patients with OCD

Executive function in obsessive compulsive disorder at Zagazig University Hospitals: a case-control study

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