The impact of the 17 March 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm on the evolutionary pattern of equatorial ionization anomaly over the Indian longitudes using high-resolution spatiotemporal TEC maps: New insights

Yadav, Sneha; Sunda, Surendra; Sridharan, R.

doi:10.1002/2016sw001408

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The advantage of this technique is that just by using a single SBAS‐enabled receiver, the TEC maps can be generated over the entire region served by the SBAS. These SBAS‐generated TEC maps have been shown to be very effective in studying the evolution/subsidence of daytime EIA during different space weather conditions (Yadav et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Fountain and the Nighttime Enhancement in the Ionospheric Electron Density Over the Equatorial Region: A Case Study

et al. 2020

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This paper focuses on the linkage between reverse fountain effect and anomalous enhancement in the nighttime electron density over the equatorial ionosphere often referred as the ionospheric nighttime enhancement (INE). The Global Positioning System (GPS)-derived total electron content (TEC) measurements over two Indian equatorial stations and ionosonde measurements are used to investigate the occurrence characteristics and mechanism of the premidnight and postmidnight INE events. The high-resolution spatiotemporal two-dimensional (2D) TEC maps generated by using satellite-based augmentation system are used to visualize the reverse fountain effect. These TEC maps are found to be effective in envisaging the motion of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in nighttime ionosphere and its impact on the distribution of electron density over the equatorial region. Salient features of this case study illustrate that, accompanying enhancements in the nighttime TEC, there exist decrease in the F2 layer height, prevalence of downward vertical plasma drift, and dramatic increase in the F2 region electron density. The 2D-TEC maps reveal the persistence of well-developed EIA until late evening hours and its gradual shift toward equator during the events of postmidnight INEs. It is found out that the premidnight INE is not invariably linked to the prereversal enhancement of the zonal electric field and could be associated with the redistribution of electron density caused by the reverse fountain effect. The present observations indicate that although the westward electric field serves as a prime driver, the INEs over the equatorial regions are associated with plasma motions caused by the retreating anomaly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Fountain and the Nighttime Enhancement in the Ionospheric Electron Density Over the Equatorial Region: A Case Study

et al. 2020

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“…The ionospheric variations caused by the precipitation of energetic electrons and protons, which essentially increase during geomagnetic disturbances at high latitudes, are of active interest of scientific community (Valladares et al, 2017, Yizengaw et al, 2005, Yizengaw et al, 2006, Figueiredo et al, 2017, Yadav et al, 2016, Ciraolo et al, 2007. A considerable quantity of diagnostic methods, in particular studying the total electron content and its mapping is applied to their study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of variations of the total electron content of ionosphere in magnetically conjugated regions with precipitation of high-energy charged particles

Zanimonskiy¹,

Koloskov²,

Yampolski³

et al. 2020

UAJ

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Purpose. A qualitative and quantitative study of the correlation of space-time changes of the total electron content of the ionosphere with variations in the energetic electron flux during a significant increase of the solar wind density and velocity. Determination of the conditions when the increase of the intensity of the flux of energetic electrons can be accompanied by the appearance of large-scale inhomogeneities of the ionosphere observed in magnetically conjugated regions of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Methods. The research methodology is based on the construction of the time sequence of electron fluxes spatial distributions and their subsequent comparison with the maps of the total electron content (TEC) over North America and the TEC diurnal variations in magnetically conjugated regions. The degree of similarity has been estimated in this paper, and the corresponding correlation coefficients have been obtained. The TEC was calculated from the ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations, and the electron fluxes in the ionosphere were obtained from the in situ measurements by the POES satellites. The map-making region was selected by the presence of a dense network of GNSS receivers and the presence of stations in the magnetically conjugated region of the Antarctica, as well as by the favorable configuration of spatial distribution of energetic particles at the orbital height of POES satellites. The study is based on the two geomagnetic disturbances of the St. Patrick's Days in March 2013 and 2015. Results. The satellite and ground-based data during geomagnetic disturbances were processed by using the developed technique. It is found that the consistency of changes in the total electron content of the ionosphere and electron fluxes in time and space coincide with the variation range increase of the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field that has been observed according to the data of ground-based magnetometers and indicates the existence of ionospheric currents in the geospace. According to the analysis of the two events, the assumption is made that the presence of ionospheric currents formed by protons and electrons precipitated from the magnetosphere is one of the conditions for the consistency of changes in the total electron content and electron flux. Conclusions. It is shown that during the geomagnetic disturbances the space-time changes of the ionospheric inhomogeneities are partially consistent with the variations of the fluxes of energetic electrons that allows the possibility of using these observations of TEC as indicators of precipitation.

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“…The twenty-six (26) GPS TEC stations data over Indian region is available to monitor and forecast the ionospheric TEC values under GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) network. Yadav et al [22] generated temporal and spatial resolution TEC maps for India using linear interpolation technique with multiple GNSS stations and succeeded in capturing the enhancements/inhibition in EIA during geomagnetic storm conditions. Several researchers investigated the low latitude ionospheric effects of St. Patrick' day 2015 geomagnetic storm over Indian region [22]- [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Regional Ionospheric TEC Maps With EIA Nowcasting/Forecasting Capability During Geomagnetic Storm Conditions

Harsha

Ratnam

2020

IEEE Access

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In this paper, ground based Global Positioning System (GPS) Total Electron Content (TEC) observations collected from the GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) network over low latitude Indian subcontinent are assimilated into the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). Gauss-Markov Kalman filter methodology is utilized and the background model error covariance (BMEC) matrix is framed using solar, geomagnetic, cross tail potential and hemispheric power indices using multivariate principal component analysis (MPCA) method. The model variations through different high latitude electric field models (Weimer and Heelis) are utilized in the data assimilation analysis. The proper attempt is modeled for providing TEC forecasts during geomagnetic storm conditions from 15 th to 20 th March 2015 days over Indian region. The more concentration is given in understanding the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) characteristics during the initial, main and recovery phase of St. Patrick's Day March 2015 geomagnetic storm. The proposed model forecast outperforms the persistence forecast with maximum forecast score (1.6) and forecast skill (2.2) during recovery phase of storm. TEC forecasts are validated with current time step GPS observations and 93 % correlation is observed on quiet day (10 th March 2015) and 82 % correlation is noticed on main phase of storm (17 th March 2015). Also proposed TEC model analysis and forecast results are compared with International Global Navigation Satellite Service (IGS) TEC stations datasets. A clear negative storm effect (EIA inhibition) has been forecasted well with the proposed Kalman filter and MPCA methodology aspects.

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The impact of the 17 March 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm on the evolutionary pattern of equatorial ionization anomaly over the Indian longitudes using high-resolution spatiotemporal TEC maps: New insights

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

Reverse Fountain and the Nighttime Enhancement in the Ionospheric Electron Density Over the Equatorial Region: A Case Study

Reverse Fountain and the Nighttime Enhancement in the Ionospheric Electron Density Over the Equatorial Region: A Case Study

Relationship of variations of the total electron content of ionosphere in magnetically conjugated regions with precipitation of high-energy charged particles

Generation of Regional Ionospheric TEC Maps With EIA Nowcasting/Forecasting Capability During Geomagnetic Storm Conditions

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