The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Coronary Interventional Cardiology Activity in King Abdulaziz Medical City: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has decreased the number of patients undergoing coronary interventional procedures. This study aimed to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volume of patients and the types of interventional cardiology procedures performed at King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center (KACC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A retrospective chart review was undertaken with a sample size of 301 patients aged over 18 years, who underwent various cardiac interventions at King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center (KACC) between March 15, 2019, and February 29, 2020 (prior to the pandemic, group A), and between March 1, 2020, and March 15, 2021 (during the pandemic, group B). The BESTCare 2.0 system (ezCaretech, Seoul, South Korea) was used to collect data, Microsoft Office Excel (Microsoft ® Corp., Redmond, WA) was utilized for data entry, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY) was employed for data analysis.Results: There was a 21.4% decrease in the number of procedures performed during the pandemic. The largest age group within the population was ≥60 years, comprising 43.5% and 52.3% of groups A and B, respectively. Most patients had a body mass index (BMI) of >30, i.e., 43.5% of patients before the pandemic and 47.7% after the pandemic. In group A, 39.9% were smokers and 60.6% in group B. The prevalence of hypertension and obesity was higher in group B, i.e., 77.3% and 42.3%, respectively. The incidence of STelevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was 39.9% in group A and 39.4% in group B. For non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), the comparable statistics were 56.5% and 49.2%, respectively. In groups A and B, readmission frequencies were 17.9% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion:The study indicates a minor decline in the number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) conducted in the interventional cardiology department of King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center (KACC) immediately following the COVID-19 outbreak, reflecting a steady activity in the center.