“…Complex network representations of the aviation system have widely analyzed the centrality of individual airports (or groups of airports) under random failure and intentional attack scenarios ( Cardillo et al, 2013 , Janić, 2015 , Wandelt et al, 2015 , Dunn and Wilkinson, 2016 , Voltes-Dorta et al, 2017 , Clark et al, 2018 , Sun et al, 2020 , Janić, 2021 , Siozos-Rousoulis et al, 2021 ). Finally, the recent developments around the COVID-19 pandemic have led to studies which analyze the resilience of the aviation system towards health/epidemiology-related disruptions ( Nikolaou and Dimitriou, 2020 , Zhou et al, 2021b , Bombelli, 2020 , Zhou et al, 2021a , Kuo et al, 2022 ). Overall, Jaffe (2016) can be considered the closest related work, concerning airspace closures and civil aviation, providing detailed historical assessments and explanations of earlier crises and how the fair usage of airspace is of outstanding importance to the well-functioning of the aviation system.…”