The impact of the hepatitis B mass immunisation campaign on the incidence and risk factors of acute hepatitis B in Italy

Stroffolini, Tommaso; Mele, Alfonso; Tosti, Maria Elena; Gallo, G; Balocchini, Emanuela; Ragni, Pietro; Santonastasi, Franco; Marzolini, Antonella; Ciccozzi, Massimo; Moiraghi, Angela

doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(00)80132-4

Cited by 99 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In our study, anti-HCV was detected in Table 3 -Main associations between socio-demographic characteristics, parenteral and sexual risk behaviors and infection rates for HBV a and HCV b infections and HCV genotypes among IDUs from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1994Brazil ( -1996 69.6% of the subjects, in agreement with other studies carried out among IDUs (19,20). It is noteworthy that the majority of these subjects (70.6%) are able to transmit HCV to other IDUs, since HCV-RNA was found in their sera.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Oliveira

Bastos

Telles

et al. 1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Viral hepatitis constitutes a major health issue, with high prevalence among injecting drug users (IDUs). The present study assessed the prevalence and risk determinants for hepatitis B, C and D viruses (HBV, HCV and HDV) infections among 102 IDUs from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Serological markers and HCV-RNA were detected by enzyme immunoassay and nested PCR, respectively. HCV genotyping was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs were found in 7.8, 55.8 and 24.7% of IDUs, respectively. In the final logistic regression, HBV infection was independently associated with male homosexual intercourse within the last 5 years (odds ratio (OR) 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-8.8). No subject presented anti-delta (anti-HD). Anti-HCV was detected in 69.6% of subjects, and was found to be independently associated with needle sharing in the last 6 months (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.3-9.2) and with longer duration of iv drug use (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.1-8.7). These data demonstrate that this population is at high risk for both HBV and HCV infection. Among IDUs from Rio de Janeiro, unprotected sexual intercourse seems to be more closely associated with HBV infection, whereas HCV is positively correlated with high risk injecting behavior. Comprehensive public health interventions targeting this population and their sexual partners must be encouraged.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Oliveira

Bastos

Telles

et al. 1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…It is worrying that only eight of 26 patients reported that all their adult contacts had been fully vaccinated, but it is consistent with published findings from other countries: In the United States, a study in San Diego found less than 20% of eligible contacts (including children) had been vaccinated, and in the United Kingdom (UK), a similar study found only 27% of contacts had been vaccinated [20,25]. A 10-year seroprevalence review of hepatitis B in Italy also found 28% of new HBV cases were household contacts of CHB patients and had been unaware that free vaccine was available [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Hepatitis B prevention in Victoria, Australia – the potential to protect

et al. 2011

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“…Whereas 52% cases in this study were preceded by jaundice >6 months ago, a study conducted in Italy reported 80% of cases were preceded with history of jaundice. 17 This points to lack of follow up after an episode of jaundice or in contacts to pre-empt the dreadful complications of HBV. It may be noted that 48% cases did not report earlier episode of jaundice (anicteric jaundice).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,23 The history of exposure to either minor or major surgery is significantly associated with HBV infection in our study and also in others. 15,17 The probable reason could be deficient sterilizing practices and hygiene in the hospitals frequented by our study population and presents a window of opportunity to reduce infection by implementation of standard sterilization measures and infection control measures.…”

Section: -21mentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of risk factors of hepatitis B infection among rural adult population of Patna, Bihar

Lohani

Kumar

Singh

et al. 2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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INTRODUCTIONGlobally 325 million people are HBsAg positive hence carriers of hepatitis B Virus (HBV).1 This is a public health challenge as majority of them have poor access to testing and treatment facilities. With a prevalence of 3 -4.2%, India is in the intermediate endemic zone but has around 40 million HBV carriers.2 Annually around 7,80,000 people die due to consequences of chronic HBV.2 Among those with infection, chances of becoming HBV carriers are 90% in infants, 30% in early childhood and upto 5% in adults.2 In persons with chronic HBV infection, risk of dying prematurely due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is 15-25%; one in every 26 infants born run the life-time risk of developing chronic HBV infection.3 Chronic infection with HBV is responsible for 80% of cirrhosis , and about 60% of HCC in India. 4 HBV is resilient and can survive outside the body for at least 7 days at room temperature without losing its infectivity. This virus is 100 times more infectious than HIV. 3 The risk of infection with HBV after single needle-stick injury is 30%. 5 ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic infection with heptitis B virus (HBV) leading to cirrhosis, cancer, premature death and consequent economic burden is a global problem. Prevention is a public health challenge especially in unvaccinated and disadvantaged populations with unknown risk factors. Majority of Bihar's population is rural, whose risk factors have not been studied earlier. The objective was to study the risk factors of HBV infection in the rural adult population of Bihar with aim of identifying target group for prevention. Methods: Analytic case-control study in which health camps were organized in villages of Phulwarisharif block of Patna district to screen adults and identify cases and controls. Results: H/o jaundice 6 months or more (p=0.00, OR=3.58); contact with HBV (p=0.00, OR=4.17), family H/o HBV (p=0.00 OR=5.41); blood transfusion (p=0.00, OR=6), H/o hospitalization (p=0.001, OR=2.36), surgery (p=0.003, OR=2.17) and migration (p=0.018, OR=1.95) were significant risk factors. Lack of knowledge about HBV was significant (p<0.030). About 40% and 20% of both cases and controls were aware of parenteral and sexual transmission respectively; 4% cases vs. 13% controls knew about preventive vaccination. Logistic regression revealed that H/o jaundice, family H/o hepatitis B, blood transfusion, hospitalization and migration were independent risk factors for HBV transmission (OR=4.69, 6.55, 3.89. 2.49 and 2.76 respectively) Conclusions: Screening and awareness programs for rural adults necessary to identify and follow up those with H/o jaundice, HBV + contacts and migrant population. Infection control and biomedical waste management need strengthening.

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The impact of the hepatitis B mass immunisation campaign on the incidence and risk factors of acute hepatitis B in Italy

Cited by 99 publications

References 9 publications

Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Prevalence and risk factors for HBV, HCV and HDV infections among injecting drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Hepatitis B prevention in Victoria, Australia – the potential to protect

A study of risk factors of hepatitis B infection among rural adult population of Patna, Bihar

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