The impact of the interplay of the intestinal microbiome and diet on the metabolomic and health outcomes of bariatric surgery

Mika, Adriana; Janczy, Agata; Waleron, Krzysztof; Szymański, Michał; Kaska, Łukasz; Śledziński, Tomasz

doi:10.1111/obr.13455

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…Bariatric surgery exerts profound alterations to gut physiology ( 35 ). While controversy remains, accumulating evidence indicates that many aspects of the physiological changes taking place following surgery are influenced by the gut microbiota ( 49 ). The improvements of pro-inflammation in the colon following SG represent one clear example of changes in gut physiology that involve intestinal bacterial effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleeve gastrectomy decreases high-fat diet induced colonic pro-inflammatory status through the gut microbiota alterations

et al. 2023

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BackgroundHigh-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity is characterized with chronic low-grade inflammation in various tissues and organs among which colon is the first to display pro-inflammatory features associated with alterations of the gut microbiota. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is currently one of the most effective treatments for obesity. Although studies reveal that SG results in decreased levels of inflammation in multiple tissues such as liver and adipose tissues, the effects of surgery on obesity related pro-inflammatory status in the colon and its relation to the microbial changes remain unknown.MethodsTo determine the effects of SG on the colonic pro-inflammatory condition and the gut microbiota, SG was performed on HFD-induced obese mice. To probe the causal relationship between alterations of the gut microbiota and improvements of pro-inflammatory status in the colon following SG, we applied broad-spectrum antibiotics cocktails on mice that received SG to disturb the gut microbial changes. The pro-inflammatory shifts in the colon were assessed based on morphology, macrophage infiltration and expressions of a variety of cytokine genes and tight junction protein genes. The gut microbiota alterations were analyzed using 16s rRNA sequencing. RNA sequencing of colon was conducted to further explore the role of the gut microbiota in amelioration of colonic pro-inflammation following SG at a transcriptional level.ResultsAlthough SG did not lead to pronounced changes of colonic morphology and macrophage infiltration in the colon, there were significant decreases in the expressions of several pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-18, and IL-23 as well as increased expressions of some tight junction proteins in the colon following SG, suggesting an improvement of pro-inflammatory status. This was accompanied by changing populations of the gut microbiota such as increased richness of Lactobacillus subspecies following SG. Importantly, oral administrations of broad-spectrum antibiotics to delete most intestinal bacteria abrogated surgical effects to relieve colonic pro-inflammation. This was further confirmed by transcriptional analysis of colon indicating that SG regulated inflammation related pathways in a manner that was gut microbiota relevant.ConclusionThese results support that SG decreases obesity related colonic pro-inflammatory status through the gut microbial alterations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleeve gastrectomy decreases high-fat diet induced colonic pro-inflammatory status through the gut microbiota alterations

et al. 2023

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“…The procedures vary, although the most common are sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). While SG is a restrictive approach based on stomach reduction, RYGB combines restrictive and malabsorptive approaches by reducing the stomach and anatomically reorganizing the biliary and digestive tracts [54]. These procedures alter the anatomy of the digestive and biliary tract, hormonal status, and the amount and choice of nutrients ingested, which could modify the composition of the microbiota and the quantity of several microbial metabolites [54,55].…”

Section: Impact Of Bariatric Surgery On Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While SG is a restrictive approach based on stomach reduction, RYGB combines restrictive and malabsorptive approaches by reducing the stomach and anatomically reorganizing the biliary and digestive tracts [54]. These procedures alter the anatomy of the digestive and biliary tract, hormonal status, and the amount and choice of nutrients ingested, which could modify the composition of the microbiota and the quantity of several microbial metabolites [54,55]. However, whether the evolution of the microbiota is the cause or the consequence of weight loss and improvement of obesity-related diseases (or whether the changes are more related to the specificities of the surgical procedure) remains to be determined.…”

Section: Impact Of Bariatric Surgery On Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Bariatric Surgery

Bastón-Paz¹,

Ponce-Alonso²,

Avendaño³

et al. 2023

Bariatric Surgery - Past and Present

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The gut microbiota comprise all the living organisms in our intestine. Microbiota has key roles in metabolic homeostasis, digestion and nutrient metabolism protection against pathogens or modulation of the immune system. Advances in techniques such as metagenomics or metabolomics have expanded our knowledge of the intestinal ecosystem. Beyond genetic, behavioral, or environmental factors, alterations of gut microbiota parameters such as composition, diversity, or metabolites including short-chain fatty acids, have shown to be associated with cardiovascular comorbidities. In this chapter, we described the role of the gut microbiota in obesity and type 2 diabetes pathophysiology, and the changes it undergoes during bariatric surgery, as well as explored the possibilities of modifying the microbiome to obtain potential clinical benefits.

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“…The main cause of this phenomenon is believed to be unfavorable lifestyle changes, especially a decrease in physical activity and increased consumption of processed and high-energy food products [2]. An important element in the pathogenesis of overweight and obesity is disturbed gut microbiota homeostasis [3][4][5]. The obesity-related dysbiosis results in the formation of increased amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which then enters the bloodstream, where it acts as the main cause of metabolic endotoxemia and induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total lipid and fatty acids levels were lower in the stool of subjects with obesity, while the levels of most n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and n-6 PUFAs were significantly higher in stool samples of these subjects compared to the control group. 4. The observed phenomenon in subjects with obesity may be related to alterations in fat digestion and/or LCFA absorption and diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Amount of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Intestinal Contents of Patients with Morbid Obesity

et al. 2023

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Introduction Obesity is associated with disturbed gut microbiota homeostasis that translates into altered intestinal and blood metabolite profiles. The long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) may be absorbed in the intestine, but until now, their composition in intestinal contents of patients with obesity has not been studied. The aim of the present study was to verify whether obesity is related to any changes in fecal LCFA content and whether intestinal LCFA content may be associated with the health status of patients with obesity. Methods The fatty acid composition has been studied in stool samples obtained from 26 patients with morbid obesity and 25 lean subjects by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The dietary habits were assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-6). Results Our results show for the first time that lean subjects and patients with obesity differ in their stool LCFA profiles. The levels of most n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and n-6 PUFAs were significantly higher in fecal samples from people with obesity than in those from lean controls. Conclusions Based on the current knowledge, we have defined three hypotheses that may explain proving the cause-and-effect relationships observed differences in fecal LCFA profiles between patients with obesity and lean subjects. They may be related to alterations in fat digestion and/or LCFA absorption and diet. However, proving the cause-and-effect relationships requires further research. Graphical Abstract

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The impact of the interplay of the intestinal microbiome and diet on the metabolomic and health outcomes of bariatric surgery

Cited by 11 publications

References 191 publications

Sleeve gastrectomy decreases high-fat diet induced colonic pro-inflammatory status through the gut microbiota alterations

Sleeve gastrectomy decreases high-fat diet induced colonic pro-inflammatory status through the gut microbiota alterations

Gut Microbiota and Bariatric Surgery

Increased Amount of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Intestinal Contents of Patients with Morbid Obesity

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