The impact of the level and distribution of methyl-esters of pectins on TLR2-1 dependent anti-inflammatory responses

Beukema, Martin; Jermendi, Éva; Berg, M. A.; Faas, Marijke M.; Schols, Henk A.; Vos, Paul de

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117093

Cited by 43 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Molecular weight was determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography, monosaccharide content was determined by gas-liquid chromatography 21 and the DM and DB was determined by gas chromatographic method as previously described. 22 Polygalacturonic acid was derived from MP Biomedical (Santa Ana, CA, USA). RG-I pectins were previously characterized.…”

Section: Pectin Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pectin limits epithelial barrier disruption by Citrobacter rodentium through anti-microbial effects

et al. 2021

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Section: Pectin Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pectin limits epithelial barrier disruption by Citrobacter rodentium through anti-microbial effects

et al. 2021

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“…Pectins were characterized for the degree of methyl‐esterification (DM), degree of blockiness (DB), molecular weight (Mw), rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), and uronic acid (UA). [ 19 ] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently it was found that the DM and the DB as specific structural characteristics of pectins play an important role in inhibiting TLR2‐1. [ 19 ] Therefore, we investigated which combination of DM and DB prevents the development of doxorubicin‐induced intestinal mucositis most efficiently. Here, we found that pectins with a low DM and intermediate DM pectins with a high DB strongly inhibited mTLR2, whereas pectin with an intermediate DM and low DB was less efficient in inhibiting TLR2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 16 ] In addition to these DM‐dependent effects, a recent study also showed that both the DM and the DB strongly impact the inhibition of TLR2‐1. [ 19 ] Low DM pectins (DM19) and an intermediate DM pectin (DM46) with a high DB inhibited TLR2‐1 strongly, whereas intermediate DM pectin with low DB and high DM pectins (DM86) did not inhibit TLR2. Thus, the blockwise distribution of non‐esterified GalA in low DM pectins and the intermediate DM pectins play an important role in the anti‐inflammatory properties via TLR2‐1 signaling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the blockwise distribution of non‐esterified GalA in low DM pectins and the intermediate DM pectins play an important role in the anti‐inflammatory properties via TLR2‐1 signaling. [ 19 ] How DM and DB of pectins contribute to the anti‐inflammatory effect against the development of doxorubicin‐induced intestinal mucositis is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attenuation of Doxorubicin‐Induced Small Intestinal Mucositis by Pectins is Dependent on Pectin's Methyl‐Ester Number and Distribution

Beukema

Jermendi

Koster

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Intestinal mucositis is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, which is characterized by severe Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2‐mediated inflammation. The dietary fiber pectin is shown to prevent this intestinal inflammation through direct inhibition of TLR2 in a microbiota‐independent manner. Recent in vitro studies show that inhibition of TLR2 is determined by the number and distribution of methyl‐esters of pectins. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the degree of methyl‐esterification (DM) and the degree of blockiness (DB) of pectins determine attenuating efficacy on doxorubicin‐induced intestinal mucositis. Methods and Results Four structurally different pectins that differed in DM and DB are tested on inhibitory effects on murine TLR2 in vitro, and on doxorubicin‐induced intestinal mucositis in mice. These data demonstrate that low DM pectins or intermediate DM pectins with high DB have the strongest inhibitory impact on murine TLR2‐1 and the strongest attenuating effect on TLR2‐induced apoptosis and peritonitis. Intermediate DM pectin with a low DB is, however, also effective in preventing the induction of doxorubicin‐induced intestinal damage. Conclusion These pectin structures with stronger TLR2‐inhibiting properties may prevent the development of doxorubicin‐induced intestinal damage in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment with doxorubicin.

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Pectins that Structurally Differ in the Distribution of Methyl‐Esters Attenuate Citrobacter rodentium‐Induced Colitis

Beukema

Akkerman

Jermendi

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Introduction: Pectins have anti-inflammatory properties on intestinal immunity through direct interactions on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the small intestine or via stimulating microbiota-dependent effects in the large intestine. Both the degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and the distribution of methyl-esters (degree of blockiness; DB) of pectins contribute to this influence on immunity, but whether and how the DB impacts immunity through microbiota-dependent effects in the large intestine is unknown. Therefore, this study tests pectins that structurally differ in DB in a mouse model with Citrobacter rodentium induced colitis and studies the impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and associated attenuation of inflammation. Methods and Results: Both low and high DB pectins induce a more rich and diverse microbiota composition. These pectins also lower the bacterial load of C. rodentium in cecal digesta. Through these effects, both low and high DB pectins attenuate C. rodentium induced colitis resulting in reduced intestinal damage, reduced numbers of Th1-cells, which are increased in case of C. rodentium induced colitis, and reduced levels of GATA3 + Tregs, which are related to tissue inflammation. Conclusion: Pectins prevent C. rodentium induced colonic inflammation by lowering the C. rodentium load in the caecum independently of the DB.

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The impact of the level and distribution of methyl-esters of pectins on TLR2-1 dependent anti-inflammatory responses

Cited by 43 publications

References 49 publications

Pectin limits epithelial barrier disruption by Citrobacter rodentium through anti-microbial effects

Pectin limits epithelial barrier disruption by Citrobacter rodentium through anti-microbial effects

Attenuation of Doxorubicin‐Induced Small Intestinal Mucositis by Pectins is Dependent on Pectin's Methyl‐Ester Number and Distribution

Pectins that Structurally Differ in the Distribution of Methyl‐Esters Attenuate Citrobacter rodentium‐Induced Colitis

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