The Impact of the Physical Layer on the Performance of Concurrent Transmissions

Baddeley, Michael; Boano, Carlo Alberto; Escobar-Molero, Antonio; Liu, Ye; Ma, Xiaoyuan; Raza, Usman; Römer, Kay Uwe; Schus, Markus; Stanoev, Aleksandar

doi:10.1109/icnp49622.2020.9259407

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The appropriate physical layer should be considered when developing an IoT application to ensure the highest QoS. The impact is even more prominent in the case of CT-based communications [11].…”

Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable IoT Firmware Updates: A Large-scale Mesh Network Performance Investigation

Mavromatis¹,

Stanoev²,

Portelli³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Internet of Things (IoT) networks require regular firmware updates to ensure enhanced security and stability. As we move towards methodologies of codifying security and policy decisions and exchanging them over IoT large-scale deployments (security-as-a-code), these demands should be considered a routine operation. However, rolling out firmware updates to large-scale networks presents a crucial challenge for constrained wireless environments with large numbers of IoT devices. This paper initially investigates how the current state-of-theart protocols operate in such adverse conditions by measuring various Quality-of-Service (QoS) Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of the shared wireless medium. We later discuss how Concurrent Transmissions (CT) can extend the scalability of IoT protocols and ensure reliable firmware roll-outs over large geographical areas. Measuring KPIs such as the mesh join time, the throughput, and the number of nodes forming a network, we provide great insight into how an IoT environment will behave under a large-scale firmware roll-out. Finally, we conducted our performance investigation over the UMBRELLA platform, a realworld IoT testbed deployed in Bristol, UK. This ensures our findings represent a realistic IoT scenario and meet the strict QoS requirements of today's IoT applications.

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Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable IoT Firmware Updates: A Large-scale Mesh Network Performance Investigation

Mavromatis¹,

Stanoev²,

Portelli³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…This approach relies fully on broadcasts (no acknowledgements) and uses shorter TSCH slots. Baddeley et al [2] present a hybrid between TSCH and synchronous transmissions by replacing some TSCH slots with synchronously transmitted BLE packets for exchanging control information.…”

Section: Synchronous Transmissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic Routing and Synchronous Transmissions Meet TSCH

Harms

2021

2021 IEEE 46th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)

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Low-power wireless networking commonly uses either Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH), synchronous transmissions, or opportunistic routing. All three of these different, orthogonal approaches strive for efficient and reliable communication but follow different trajectories. With this paper, we combine these concepts into one protocol: AUTOBAHN.AUTOBAHN merges TSCH scheduling with opportunistically routed, synchronous transmissions. This opens the possibility to create long-term stable schedules overcoming local interference. We prove the stability of schedules over several days in our experimental evaluation. Moreover, AUTOBAHN outperforms the autonomous scheduler Orchestra under interference in terms of reliability by 13.9 percentage points and in terms of latency by a factor of 9 under a minor duty cycle increase of 2.1 percentage points.

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“…whereas for a survey of CT-based protocols and the underlying physical layer phenomena underpinning CT we refer to [7,9,13,14].…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments were run with the nRF52840 platform on the D-Cube [10] testbed. For the purposes of this paper, 6PP uses a modified version of the Atomic-SDN CT scheduling architecture [19], which has recently been extended to support CT-based protocols over the four BT 5 PHY layers [9] and incorporates recent nRF52840 support from Contiki-NG 1 . However, the 6PP approach could also be replicated on other CT scheduling architectures such as Baloo [18].…”

Section: Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We propose 6TiSCH++ (6PP), in which we exploit recent advances in CT protocols [7] alongside multi-PHY capabilities of modern low-power radios [8]. By utilizing the BT 5 PHYs (though we recognize that IEEE 802.15.4-based CT is also a valid option) 6PP provides a suite of high-data rate and coded PHY options that benefit from recent understanding of the physical layer impact on CT protocols [9]. Crucially, our solution disseminates network configuration and synchronization information over the CT layer, and thus eliminates much of the routing and link-layer signaling overhead that hinders current 6TiSCH solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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6TiSCH++ with Bluetooth 5 and Concurrent Transmissions

Baddeley¹,

Aijaz²,

Raza³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Targeting dependable communications for industrial Internet of Things applications, IETF 6TiSCH provides mechanisms for efficient scheduling, routing, and forwarding of IPv6 traffic across low-power mesh networks. Yet, despite an overwhelming body of literature covering both centralized and distributed scheduling schemes for 6TiSCH, an effective control solution for large-scale multi-hop mesh networks remains an open challenge. Our paper fills this gap with a novel approach that eliminates much of the routing and link-layer overhead incurred by centralized schedulers, and provides a robust mechanism for data dissemination synchronization within 6TiSCH. Specifically, we leverage the physical layer (PHY) switching capabilities of modern low-power wireless platforms to build on recent work demonstrating the viability of Concurrent Transmission (CT)-based flooding protocols across the Bluetooth 5 (BT 5) PHYs. By switching the PHY and MAC layer at runtime, we inject a BT 5-based CT flood within a standard IEEE 802.15.4 TSCH slotframe, thereby providing a reliable, low-latency scheme for 6TiSCH control messaging. We present an analytical model and experimental evaluation showing how our solution not only exploits the BT 5 high data-rate PHYs for rapid data dissemination, but can also provide reliable 6TiSCH association and synchronization even under external radio interference. We further discuss how the proposed technique can be used to address other open challenges within the standard.

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The Impact of the Physical Layer on the Performance of Concurrent Transmissions

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Reliable IoT Firmware Updates: A Large-scale Mesh Network Performance Investigation

Reliable IoT Firmware Updates: A Large-scale Mesh Network Performance Investigation

Opportunistic Routing and Synchronous Transmissions Meet TSCH

6TiSCH++ with Bluetooth 5 and Concurrent Transmissions

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