The Impact of Tourism Leakages on Local Economies: A Case Study of Nyanga District, Zimbabwe

Chirenje, Leonard I.; Chitotombe, Joseline Wadzanai; Gukurume, Simbarashe; Chazovachii, Bernard; Chitongo, Leonard

doi:10.1080/09709274.2013.11906576

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Impact of tourism leakages on the local economies is examined by Chirenje et al (2017), using structured interviews. Results reveal that out of USD 187 that is spent by each tourist in Nyanga per day, the locals only get USD 24 which is 12.83 percent and the rest goes to the service providers which are not local people, largely a result of limited linkages of ecotourism with the other livelihood options, and low local community participation in ecotourism activities.…”

Section: Views From Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism Development in Northern Circuit of Tanzania and Its Contribution in Improving Local People’s Livelihood

Mbowe¹,

Ndunguru²,

Gervas³

2021

AEF

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This study evaluates tourism development in the northern tourist circuit of Tanzania, and the extent to which the tourism activities have helped individuals and communities surrounding the natural attractions to secure the necessities of live. It employs descriptive analysis, and interview approach covering selected villages around the national parks. The results show that over 11 years to 2018/19, number of visitors rose by 66.9 percent and earnings (gate fees) by 289.5 percent making the circuit the backbone of tourism in the country. Nevertheless, the industry still faces several challenges, including volatility and moderate growth of the number of visitors in most of the parks; high concentration of visitors and earnings to only three national parks; and difficulty accessibility to some parks. One third of non-resident visitors originate from only three destinations, while about 44.5 percent of leisure and holidays visitors come under package arrangement.On the improvement of people’s welfare, tourism activities have significantly contributed in improving local people’s welfare as reflected by assets they have, largely obtained through tourist induced demand. Underlining the significance tourism, self-employed respondents indicated that business sales were on average TZS 259,151 between May and September (tourist season), much higher than when off-season. Also, business entities (companies/institutions) in the areas offer direct employment to local people, in which 120 employees (mostly unskilled labour) out 182 originated from the villages. With respect to social services, many local communities benefit from various social services, with the government, natural conservation authorities, and charity organizations playing a greater role in their construction. Most of the social services are easily accessible and affordable. Meanwhile, tourism activities are generally perceived to have little negative effects on culture, respect to the society, and security in the areas as alluded to by 64 percent of 218 respondents.To develop further the tourism industry to improve its contribution to people’s living, it is imperative to: Intensifying programs on promotions and campaigns to attract both resident and non-resident visitors to less visited parks including encouraging the establishment of African style small-scaled lodges and international-standard tourist hotels where they are lacking, and ensuring taxes and park fees are competitive; Putting in place plans to ensure roads to and in national parks are accessible throughout the year to allow more visits; Enhancing the strategies for product and market diversification; Increasing programs to sensitize the local people on the importance of conserving tourist attractions in their areas, and the benefits associated with tourism; Scaling up training plans for the local people to improve their entrepreneur skills, and facilitate access to affordable loans; Encouraging establishment of tourist-standard restaurants, supermarkets, and cultural and art centres in the vicinity of parks; and scaling up measures to support establishment of social services in areas where the services are lacking or are located far from the people.

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Section: Views From Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourism Development in Northern Circuit of Tanzania and Its Contribution in Improving Local People’s Livelihood

Mbowe¹,

Ndunguru²,

Gervas³

2021

AEF

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“…This fact can also facilitate the development of ventures which emphasize social as well as commercial objectives. For instance, and linking with the previous epigraph, in hotels and restaurant encouragement is essential, through hotel managers, of Bpush marketing strategies^to employ more local products and buy more locally produced goods (Wiranatha and Suryawardani 2013;Milne 1987, Chirenje et al 2013. These strategies focus on offering local products, therefore hotel managers must create more local menus, or be encouraged to use food or products from the local industries.…”

Section: Policies Addressed At Promoting Se Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring social entrepreneurship and social value with leakage. Definition, analysis and policies for the hospitality industry

et al. 2016

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The aim is to analyze, define and examine the connections between social entrepreneurship and the generation of social value, considering the concept of leakage as a measure of social value creation and distribution for the hospitality industry. The paper also proposes an exploratory-theoretical framework of policies to promote social entrepreneurship in hospitality, reduce leakage, and increase the generation of social value. Firstly, the paper concentrates on the figure of the social entrepreneur as a promoter of social value creation. Secondly, it analyzes social value creation in hospitality and its measurement. Then, the article studies and presents leakage as an instrument to monitor social value created by social entrepreneurship in hospitality. Finally, the paper proposes a wide framework of policies to enhance social value creation in hospitality, through the reduction of leakage and reinforcement of social entrepreneurship. Leakage is a useful indicator to monitor social value creation in the hospitality industry. The reduction of leakage can gauge the success of policies promoting social Int Entrep Manag J

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“…More broadly, it is essential to support firms that promote an organizational culture oriented toward social goals, by focusing on non-financial indicators (creation of jobs, education and wealth and so on), instead of those which exclusively emphasize for-profit goals. For instance, in addition to the ones that create employment in the construction industry, government should support firms that: (a) promote the development of other local industries -reducing local or firm leakage; (b) encourage 'push marketing strategies' to employ more local products and buy or develop the production of more locally produced goods (Chirenje et al 2013); (c) the SE ventures in related industries that are negatively affected by construction projects (i.e. agriculture or other industries because of the increase of the prices of resources such as the water, land, etc.…”

Section: Policies To Promote Se Inside and Between The Firmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policies to enhance social development through the promotion of SME and social entrepreneurship: a study in the Colombian construction industry

Simón

González-Cruz

Contreras-Pacheco

2016

Entrepreneurship & Regional Development

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The intent of this research is to propose and analyse a set of policies in the construction industry to enhance social development. First, the paper shows the connections between the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and social entrepreneurship (SE), the reduction of the leakage, and then the generation of social value (SV) for sustainable regional development. For that, the article analyses briefly the literatures on SE and leakage, and focuses on the relevance of SME and social entrepreneurs as promoters of SV creation and development. Second, the paper proposes a framework and proposes a set of 20 policies aimed to reduce leakage, reinforce SMEs and entrepreneurship and also to promote SE behaviour by the diverse economic agents in the construction industry, in order to increase the generation of SV and sustainable development. Then, the paper analyses the acceptability, feasibility and viability of these proposed polices, which can be useful for academics and practitioners. For that, the study uses the Delphi methodology, applied to an expertgroup of 23 professionals (representatives of the private and public sector) belonging to the Colombian construction industry. The results emphasize the relevance of the development of local incumbents and the social focus of firms to increase the generation of SV. Oppositely, policies interfering economic freedom and free trade receive the lowest rates in the three criteria considered.

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The Impact of Tourism Leakages on Local Economies: A Case Study of Nyanga District, Zimbabwe

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Tourism Development in Northern Circuit of Tanzania and Its Contribution in Improving Local People’s Livelihood

Tourism Development in Northern Circuit of Tanzania and Its Contribution in Improving Local People’s Livelihood

Measuring social entrepreneurship and social value with leakage. Definition, analysis and policies for the hospitality industry

Policies to enhance social development through the promotion of SME and social entrepreneurship: a study in the Colombian construction industry

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