The impact of training on malaria treatment practices: a study of patent medicine vendors in Birnin-kebbi.

Livinus, C; Ibrahim, M; Isezuo, SA; Bello, Samaila

doi:10.4314/smj2.v12i2.55663

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The percentage of PPMVs with tertiary education ranged from 14% in Anambra state [ 46 ] to 57% in Jigawa [ 47 ]. The majority of studies found that between 7% and 20% of PPMVs had only primary education [ 42 , 43 , 47 – 56 ], though rural PPMVs were less educated than their urban counterparts [ 44 , 50 ]. It is worth noting that many PPMVs have apprentices or other employees who staff the shop when the owner is away [ 21 ]; no studies compared the educational levels of these staff with the owner.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smaller scale studies found around 60% [ 49 , 59 ] of PPMVs stocking ACTs, reaching up to 97% in some states [ 57 ]. However, many studies found that PPMVs continued to stock non-recommended drugs for malaria including chloroquine and artemisinin monotherapies [ 35 – 38 , 43 , 47 , 62 , 64 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Customer willingness to pay also impacted drug choice interactions. Qualitatively, PPMVs reported that their decisions about drug type and dosage were influenced by their perceptions of a customers’ ability or wiliness to pay [ 70 ], a practice that was corroborated by a mystery client survey [ 43 ]. Data from customer exit surveys showed that customers seeking care for children purchased an average of 6.8 drugs, with 55% purchasing non-essential drugs to treat malaria, acute respiratory infections, and diarrhea, resulting in an average additional and unnecessary expense of USD 1.09 to 2.19 per illness episode [ 77 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observational data and client exit surveys indicated that discussions of illness history occurred in 19% to 32% of encounters [ 21 , 57 ], although nearly a quarter of PPMVs reported that they would ask to see the sick child if she was not present at the shop [ 75 ]. It was also uncommon for PPMVs to instruct customers on the proper administration or side effects of purchased drugs, or to discuss referral for further treatment [ 21 , 43 , 57 , 75 , 76 ]. Studies on family planning services at PPMVs found similarly limited counseling for customers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All interventions resulted in improved knowledge, while the evidence was more mixed regarding the impact of interventions on improving PPMV practice. In Kebbi, a training intervention increased PPMV knowledge of first-line anti-malarial treatment and referral for symptoms, but did not improve proper dispensing for malaria treatment [ 43 ]. A training program on pharmacovigilance in Ekiti state increased PPMV knowledge of the concept of adverse drug reaction reporting, but did not examine the impact on PPMV practices [ 42 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of the Role of Proprietary and Patent Medicine Vendors in Healthcare Provision in Nigeria

2015

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BackgroundInterventions to reduce the burden of disease and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa increasingly recognize the important role that drug retailers play in delivering basic healthcare services. In Nigeria, owner-operated drug retail outlets, known as patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs), are a main source of medicines for acute conditions, but their practices are not well understood. Greater understanding of the role of PPMVs and the quality of care they provide is needed in order to inform ongoing national health initiatives that aim to incorporate PPMVs as a delivery mechanism.Objective and MethodsThis paper reviews and synthesizes the existing published and grey literature on the characteristics, knowledge and practices of PPMVs in Nigeria. We searched published and grey literature using a number of electronic databases, supplemented with website searches of relevant international agencies. We included all studies providing outcome data on PPMVs in Nigeria, including non-experimental studies, and assessed the rigor of each study using the WHO-Johns Hopkins Rigor scale. We used narrative synthesis to evaluate the findings.ResultsWe identified 50 articles for inclusion. These studies provided data on a wide range of PPMV outcomes: training; health knowledge; health practices, including drug stocking and dispensing, client interaction, and referral; compliance with regulatory guidelines; and the effects of interventions targeting PPMVs. In general, PPMVs have low health knowledge and poor health treatment practices. However, the literature focuses largely on services for adult malaria, and little is known about other health areas or services for children.ConclusionsThis review highlights several concerns with the quality of the private drug retail sector in Nigeria, as well as gaps in the existing evidence base. Future research should adopt a more holistic view of the services provided by PPMV shops, and evaluate intervention strategies that may improve the services provided in this sector.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of the Role of Proprietary and Patent Medicine Vendors in Healthcare Provision in Nigeria

2015

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Perceptions of patent and proprietary medicine vendors and communities of the tiered accreditation programme for family planning services in Lagos and Kaduna states, Nigeria

Igbokwe,

Baba-Ari,

Igomu

et al. 2023

Global Public Health

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Malaria prevention and treatment awareness and practice among patent medicine vendors (PMVs) in Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria

Danjin¹,

Sawyerr²,

Pauline³

et al. 2021

GSC Biol. and Pharm. Sci.

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The ravaging consequences of Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have been a subject of serious concern to every stakeholder. Literature and anecdotal evidence shows that around 60% of Nigerians seek fever treatment from Patent Medicine Vendors (PMVs) despite the limited formal dispensing knowledge most possess. This study attempts to establish a base line of knowledge, attitude and practices of Malaria control among PMVs in Gombe Metropolis, North Eastern Nigeria. The study was a descriptive cross sectional survey based on structured questionnaires used to collect relevant information from 109 PMVs selected by purposive sampling technique. The result show that 85.3% of the participants in this study correctly identified fever or high body temperature as the common sign of uncomplicated (UC) Malaria, while 70.6% recognized convulsion as one of the main symptoms of severe Malaria. Furthermore, 86.2% of the PMVs also knew that sleeping inside treated nets constitute one of the best ways to prevent Malaria. In the same vein, awareness of change in Malaria treatment policy from monotherapy to Artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT) was high (73.3%) among them. However, those PMVs that had ever undergone some degree of drug dispensing training exhibited a significantly higher level of awareness of change in malaria treatment policy (X2 =17.903, P = 0.000). Although 85.3% of PMVs frequently recommend Arthemeter Lumefantrine (AL) as treatment of uncomplicated Malaria, only 39.4% of the participants would refer severe malaria cases. Even though most Malaria control awareness and practice variables were found to be fairly good among the participants, it is clear from the study that there is the need for enhanced training, monitoring and supervision by the relevant authorities so as to fully harness the vast potential in PMVs.

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The impact of training on malaria treatment practices: a study of patent medicine vendors in Birnin-kebbi.

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

A Systematic Review of the Role of Proprietary and Patent Medicine Vendors in Healthcare Provision in Nigeria

A Systematic Review of the Role of Proprietary and Patent Medicine Vendors in Healthcare Provision in Nigeria

Perceptions of patent and proprietary medicine vendors and communities of the tiered accreditation programme for family planning services in Lagos and Kaduna states, Nigeria

Malaria prevention and treatment awareness and practice among patent medicine vendors (PMVs) in Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria

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