The Impact of Two MMPI-2-Based Models of Personality in Predicting Driving Behavior. Can Demographic Variables Be Disregarded?

Tinella, Luigi; Caffò, Alessandro O.; Lopez, Antonella; Grattagliano, Ignazio; Bosco, Andrea

doi:10.3390/brainsci11030313

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Finally, age significantly and negatively affected all the driving subtasks. In agreement with previous studies [35,49,50], this result suggests that with the increase of age, the male driver's driving abilities decrease due to age-related decline in cognitive and psychomotor functioning [58][59][60][61][62], with consequences for driving capabilities. The negative correlation between age and cognition observed in this study supported this conclusion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Models were tested, controlling for participants' age as a covariate, in a sample of active male drivers. Considering our previous findings [29] and those presented in the study of Ruginski et al [30]: (a) the mediated mediation of both the transformation skills was expected to significantly predict measures of both resilience of attention and perceptual speed, (b) mental rotation only is expected to significantly mediate the relationship between cognition and reaction speed, (c) the negative effect of age was expected on each prerequisite for fitness-to-drive [29,[35][36][37], and (d) the positive effects of overall cognitive functioning were expected to be present on resilience of attention and perceptual speed but not on reaction and motor speed [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Cognitive Efficiency and Fitness-to-Drive along the Lifespan: The Mediation Effect of Visuospatial Transformations

et al. 2021

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The way people represent and transform visuospatial information affects everyday activities including driving behavior. Mental rotation and perspective taking have recently been found to predict cognitive prerequisites for fitness-to-drive (FtD). We argue that the relationship between general cognitive status and FtD is mediated by spatial transformation skills. Here, we investigated the performance in the Mental Rotation Test (MRT) and the Perspective-Taking Test (PT) of 175 male active drivers (aged from 18 to 91 years), by administering the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to measure their global cognitive functioning. All participants were submitted to a computerized driving assessment measuring resilience of attention (DT), reaction speed (RS), motor speed (MS), and perceptual speed (ATAVT). Significant results were found for the effect of global cognitive functioning on perceptual speed through the full mediation of both mental rotation and perspective-taking skills. The indirect effect of global cognitive functioning through mental rotation was only found to significantly predict resilience of attention whereas the indirect effect mediated by perspective taking only was found to significantly predict perceptual speed. Finally, the negative effect of age was found on each driving measure. Results presented here, which are limited to male drivers, suggest that general cognitive efficiency is linked to spatial mental transformation skills and, in turn, to driving-related cognitive tasks, contributing to fitness-to-drive in the lifespan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Cognitive Efficiency and Fitness-to-Drive along the Lifespan: The Mediation Effect of Visuospatial Transformations

et al. 2021

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“…Early studies on personality showed that impulsivity [ 36 ], aggressiveness, sensation-seeking, antisocial behavior, extraversion, and hostility characterize drinker drivers. Among these, sensation-seeking was shown as the personality trait with the most consistent predictive validity on driving measures [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Higher sensation seekers were more likely to drive after drinking alcohol, without wearing safety belts, and show low-risk aversion [ 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, few studies investigated the role of pathological personality traits in the evaluation of psychological fitness to drive [ 40 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reassessing Fitness-to-Drive in Drinker Drivers: The Role of Cognition and Personality

Tinella

Caffò

Lopez

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Drunken driving is among the main challenges for road safety by causing worldwide motor-vehicle crashes with severe injuries and deaths. The reassessment of fitness-to-drive in drivers stopped for drunken driving includes mainly psychological examinations. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and the consistency of selected variables of different psychological driving-related dimensions (i.e., cognitive skills and personality) in discriminating 90 male drinker drivers (DD) from matched non-drinkers controls. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Mental Rotation Test (MRT), and the Perspective-Taking Test (PT) were administered to assess overall cognitive functioning, and object- and self-based spatial transformation abilities, respectively. Participants completed a computerized test measuring resilience of attention (DT), reaction times (RT), and perceptual speed (ATAVT). The Personality Psychopathology Five scales (i.e., PSY-5: Aggressiveness-AGGR, Psychoticism-PSYC, Disconstraint-DISC, Negative-Emotionality-NEGE, and Introversion-INTR) the validity scale (L) and the dissimulation index (F-K) were scored from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). A logistic binomial regression analysis (backward subtraction method) was used to identify discriminant predictors. A prediction analysis (ROC curve method) was performed on the final model. Results showed that the scores obtained in MRT, DT, and the personality measures of PSYC, DISC, NEGE, and INTR significantly discriminated DD from their matched controls with moderate-to-good values of accuracy (0.79), sensitivity (0.80), and specificity (0.79), as well as a good AUC value (0.89). In some cases, the personality dimensions provided—reliable—unexpected results. Low scores of PSYC, NEGE, and INTR were found to predict the membership to the DD group; results are discussed with reference to response management. Personality measures should be assessed with particular attention in a forensic context because they are more prone to be feigned than cognitive ones. Overall, the present study confirmed the relevance of integrating different driving-related psychological dimensions in the evaluation of fitness-to-drive showing the usefulness of standardized tools for the reassessment of drinker drivers.

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Sociodemographic and psychological factors affecting motor vehicle crashes (MVCs): a classification analysis based on the contextual-mediated model of traffic-accident involvement

Tinella,

Bosco,

Koppel

et al. 2024

Curr Psychol

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The study aimed to determine the sociodemographic and psychological profiles of drivers with a history of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs), following the contextual-mediated model of crash involvement, and trying to define similarities and differences with drivers without MVCs. Although road trauma prevention has become a central public health issue, the study of psychological determinants of MVCs does not have consistent results due to methodological and theoretical weaknesses. Three-hundred and forty-five active drivers (20% females) completed an extensive office-based fitness-to-drive evaluation including measures of cognition, personality, self-reported driving-related behaviors, attitudes, as well as computerized measures of driving performance. The Classification and Regression Tree method (CART) was used to identify discriminant predictors. The classification identified several relevant predictors; the personality trait of Discostraint (as a distal context variable; cut-point: 50 T points) and motor speed (as a proximal context variable; cut-point: 64 percentile ranks). The global classification model increased approximately 3 times the probability of identifying people with a history of MVC involvement, starting from an estimated prevalence of being involved in an MVC in a period of five years in the population of active drivers. Consistent with the ‘contextual-mediated model of traffic accident involvement’, the results of the present study suggest that road trauma analysis should focus on both distal and proximal driver-related factors by paying attention to their association in determining MVCs. These results represent a valuable source of knowledge for researchers and practitioners for preventing road trauma.

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The Impact of Two MMPI-2-Based Models of Personality in Predicting Driving Behavior. Can Demographic Variables Be Disregarded?

Cited by 10 publications

References 135 publications

Cognitive Efficiency and Fitness-to-Drive along the Lifespan: The Mediation Effect of Visuospatial Transformations

Cognitive Efficiency and Fitness-to-Drive along the Lifespan: The Mediation Effect of Visuospatial Transformations

Reassessing Fitness-to-Drive in Drinker Drivers: The Role of Cognition and Personality

Sociodemographic and psychological factors affecting motor vehicle crashes (MVCs): a classification analysis based on the contextual-mediated model of traffic-accident involvement

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