The Impact of Type II Diabetes on Tongue Dysplasia and p16-Related Aging Process: An Experimental Study

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the effect of streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes mellitus on p16, p53, Ki67, and Bcl2 expressions and histopathological changes in the tongue of the rats. Material and Methods Twenty-two adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 14) as control (C) (n = 8) and diabetic (DM) (n = 6). The rats in the DM group were given streptozotocin as a single intraperitoneal dose for induction of diabetes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the tongue were used. Results Significant differences were observed between the DM group and the control group in terms of epithelial thickness, length of filiform papillae, and width of filiform papillae (p = 0.005, p = 0.001, and p = 0.006, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, capillary proliferation, and dysplasia (p = 0.204, p = 0.244, and p = 0.204, respectively). As a result of immunohistochemical studies, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of p53, Ki67, and Bcl-2 expressions (p = 0.588, p = 0.662, and p = 0.686, respectively). A significant difference was found between the groups when p16 expression was evaluated (p = 0.006). Conclusions In our study, streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes mellitus induced p16 expression but did not show any difference in p53, Bcl-2, and Ki67 levels. It should be considered in the studies that the pathological changes at the early stages of the relationship between DM and oral cancer may be related to p16 expression; however, it may also be linked with p16-related aging process.

Mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic potential of bee venom as compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the diabetic rat tongue

“…25,26,48 It has been observed that DM is also linked to an increased expression of p53 in rats 33 and an increased expression of p16. 32 The positive effect of BV on the lingual mucosa observed in the current study reflects its potent biological properties. Bee venom shows anti-inflammatory, 49 antibacterial 50 and antioxidant effects.…”

“…Streptozotocin-induced DM in rats has been associated with alterations in the distribution and morphology of the fungiform and filiform papillae, with areas of epithelial desquamation, [29][30][31] in addition to a significant reduction in the height and width of the filiform papillae. 32 Diabetes mellitus has also been associated with the atrophy and a decreased thickness of dorsal surface epithelium, [32][33][34] and the atrophy of ventral surface epithelium. 34 Lingual epithelial atrophy was observed in rats born to diabetic mothers.…”

Diabetes induces macrophage dysfunction through cytoplasmic dsDNA/AIM2 associated pyroptosis

“…The results showed that the difference of p16 and p21 expressions between groups decreased with the increase of treatment time 42 . Besides, some in vivo researches have found that under ARD conditions, no significant differences in gene expression of p16 were found between normal glucose animal and diabetic animal 43 . This suggests that high glucose has little effect on the expression of p16 and p21 under aged conditions.…”

“…42 Besides, some in vivo researches have found that under ARD conditions, no significant differences in gene expression of p16 were found between normal glucose animal and diabetic animal. 43 This suggests that high glucose has little effect on the expression of p16 and p21 under aged conditions. However, as similar studies are limited, whether this phenomenon is common and the underlying mechanism of this need to be further studied.…”

Effect of fermentation on ameliorative properties of tamarind seed (Tamarindus indica) in sucrose‐induced diabetic‐like biochemical alterations in Drosophila melanogaster

“…This supports the results of our study, which found that the flies fed varying levels of the sample supplement had significantly higher catalase activity in clearing the hydrogen peroxide that should have contributed to the increased free radical generation, better superoxide dismutase activity to curb excessive superoxide radical generation, and higher GST activity to help in the conjugation of glutathione with free radicals. It was found by Altun et al (2019) that total thiol levels are lower in diabetic states. This could relate to free radical accumulation, which causes oxidative stress in HSD-fed fruit flies (Paula et al, 2009).…”