“…Factors such as personal nostalgia, religious feelings, empathy, self‐efficacy, “good feelings,” public self‐image concerns, self‐benefit, and uncertainty (low vs. high) have been identified as affecting the appeal effectiveness of monetary and time donation (Basil et al, 2008; Chang et al, 2023; Ford & Merchant, 2010; Malhotra, 2010). Framing involves presenting an issue in different ways to alter preferences or choices (for a review, see Levin et al, 1998), and it may work differently with people of varying characteristics (e.g., Boote, 1981; Liu & Mair, 2023). So far, no framing research has been identified to investigate private information disclosure.…”