The impact of urbanisation on the cardiometabolic health of Indigenous Brazilian peoples: a systematic review and meta-analysis, and data from the Brazilian Health registry

Kramer, Caroline; Leitão, Cristiane Bauermann; Viana, Luciana Verçoza

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00625-0

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Recent evidence suggests that land theft, deforestation, and the associated urbanization of Indigenous Brazilians are associated with higher rates of obesity and hypertension. Importantly, in terms of disentangling Indigeneity from settler colonial technologies of displacement, these findings did not occur among already-urbanized Brazilians nor among nondisplaced Indigenous Brazilians ( 185 ).…”

Section: Argumentmentioning

confidence: 82%

Because its power remains naturalized: introducing the settler colonial determinants of health

Wispelwey

Tanous

Asi

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indigenous people suffer earlier death and more frequent and severe disease than their settler counterparts, a remarkably persistent reality over time, across settler colonized geographies, and despite their ongoing resistance to elimination. Although these health inequities are well-known, they have been impervious to comprehensive and convincing explication, let alone remediation. Settler colonial studies, a fast-growing multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field, is a promising candidate to rectify this impasse. Settler colonialism’s relationship to health inequity is at once obvious and incompletely described, a paradox arising from epistemic coloniality and perceived analytic challenges that we address here in three parts. First, in considering settler colonialism an enduring structure rather than a past event, and by wedding this fundamental insight to the ascendant structural paradigm for understanding health inequities, a picture emerges in which this system of power serves as a foundational and ongoing configuration determining social and political mechanisms that impose on human health. Second, because modern racialization has served to solidify and maintain the hierarchies of colonial relations, settler colonialism adds explanatory power to racism’s health impacts and potential amelioration by historicizing this process for differentially racialized groups. Finally, advances in structural racism methodologies and the work of a few visionary scholars have already begun to elucidate the possibilities for a body of literature linking settler colonialism and health, illuminating future research opportunities and pathways toward the decolonization required for health equity.

show abstract

Section: Argumentmentioning

confidence: 82%

Because its power remains naturalized: introducing the settler colonial determinants of health

Wispelwey

Tanous

Asi

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The medical questions were identified by selecting five research articles published at the end of 2022 in four high-impact factor medical journals (BMJ (13)(14)(15)(16)(17), CMAJ (18)(19)(20)(21)(22), the Lancet (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32) and NEJM). These 20 articles spanned different topics and fields.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning to fake it: limited responses and fabricated references provided by ChatGPT for medical questions

Gravel

D’Amours-Gravel

Osmanlliu

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: ChatGPT have gained public notoriety and recently supported manuscript preparation. Our objective was to evaluate the quality of the answers and the references provided by ChatGPT for medical questions. Methods: Three researchers asked ChatGPT a total of 20 medical questions and prompted it to provide the corresponding references. The responses were evaluated for quality of content by medical experts using a verbal numeric scale going from 0 to 100%. These experts were the corresponding author of the 20 articles from where the medical questions were derived. We planned to evaluate three references per response for their pertinence, but this was amended based on preliminary results showing that most references provided by ChatGPT were fabricated. Results: ChatGPT provided responses varying between 53 and 244 words long and reported two to seven references per answer. Seventeen of the 20 invited raters provided feedback. The raters reported limited quality of the responses with a median score of 60% (1st and 3rd quartile: 50% and 85%). Additionally, they identified major (n=5) and minor (n=7) factual errors among the 17 evaluated responses. Of the 59 references evaluated, 41 (69%) were fabricated, though they appeared real. Most fabricated citations used names of authors with previous relevant publications, a title that seemed pertinent and a credible journal format. Interpretation: When asked multiple medical questions, ChatGPT provided answers of limited quality for scientific publication. More importantly, ChatGPT provided deceptively real references. Users of ChatGPT should pay particular attention to the references provided before integration into medical manuscripts.

show abstract

“…In this context, urbanization refers both to the adoption of urban lifestyles in villages and to housing in urban regions of Brazil ((i.e., where city dwellers live). This implies living conditions integrated with the market and less dependence on local food production, reducing food sovereignty, which involves rights to food autonomy and healthy diets, especially among women, for whom the available data point to distinct patterns of associations between socioeconomic indicators and the occurrence of overweight and obesity, which have potentially significant implications from the point of view of public policies for indigenous peoples in Brazil [ 6 , 8 , 9 ]. Furthermore, there is evidence that social changes due to contact with urban lifestyles, historical conflicts, loss of territory, and cultural disruption, observed in several indigenous peoples, are implicated in the increase in alcohol consumption, resulting in interpersonal violence, in disruptions in family life and in accidents, which have become part of the daily lives of some indigenous peoples [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, significant changes are observed in the epidemiological profile of Brazilian indigenous peoples, mainly with the increase in the prevalence of general obesity and comorbidities, changes that are comparable to those that affected native North Americans in the second half of the twentieth century, during which important sociocultural changes have led to a dramatic increase in chronic diseases [ 5 ]. Similarly, in Latin America, other indigenous populations have also undergone similar changes and currently exhibit a high prevalence of general obesity and, in some cases, T2DM [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourteen-year trends in overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity in Amazonian indigenous peoples

Fidelis Baniwa,

Putira Sacuena,

Della Noce

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Available data show that the epidemiological profile of most indigenous Brazilian populations is characterized by the coexistence of long-standing health problems (high prevalence of infectious and parasitic diseases, malnutrition, and deficiency diseases, such as anemia in children and women of reproductive age), associated with new health problems, especially those related to obesity (hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia). Based on this scenario, this study analyzed the nutritional profile of the adult population of seven indigenous peoples from the Brazilian Amazon in the years 2007 and 2021. Methods A total of 598 adults individuals were analyzed in 2007 (319 women and 279 men) and 924 in 2021 (483 women and 441 men), from seven indigenous peoples located in the state of Pará, who were assisted during health actions carried out in 2007 and in 2021. Body mass index classification used the World Health Organization criteria for adults: low weight, < 18.5 kg/m2; normal weight, ≥ 18.5 and < 25 kg/m2); overweight, ≥ 25 and < 30 kg/m2, and obesity, ≥ 30 kg/m2. A waist circumference (WC) < 90 cm in men and < 80 cm in women was considered normal. Results The data revealed heterogeneous anthropometric profiles, with a low prevalence of nutritional changes in the Araweté, Arara and Parakanã peoples, and high proportions of excess weight and abdominal obesity in the Kararaô, Xikrin do Bacajá, Asurini do Xingu and Gavião peoples, similar to or even higher than the national averages. Conclusion Different stages of nutritional transition were identified in the indigenous peoples analyzed, despite apparently having been subjected to the same environmental pressures that shaped their nutritional profile in recent decades, which may indicate different genetic susceptibilities to nutritional changes. The evidence shown in this study strongly suggests the need to investigate in greater depth the genetic and environmental factors associated with the nutritional profile of Brazilian indigenous peoples, with assessment of diet, physical activity and sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables that enable the development of appropriate prevention and monitoring measures.

show abstract

The impact of urbanisation on the cardiometabolic health of Indigenous Brazilian peoples: a systematic review and meta-analysis, and data from the Brazilian Health registry

Cited by 30 publications

References 55 publications

Because its power remains naturalized: introducing the settler colonial determinants of health

Because its power remains naturalized: introducing the settler colonial determinants of health

Learning to fake it: limited responses and fabricated references provided by ChatGPT for medical questions

Fourteen-year trends in overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity in Amazonian indigenous peoples

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About