2009
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.020
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The impact of urbanization on tropical mangroves (Fortaleza, Brazil): Evidence from PAH distribution in sediments

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Cited by 106 publications
(36 citation statements)
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“…These concentrations were however, substantially lower than mangroves situated near large urban centers such as Hong Kong (Tam et al, 2001) or Sao Paulo, Brazil (Cavalcante et al, 2009;Medeiros and Bícego, 2004) indicating the importance of human activities in proliferation and accumulation of these toxic compounds. Because most PAHs are very toxic and carcinogenic, we evaluated the ΣPAH concentrations for effect range low (ERL; 4 ng/mg) and effect range medium (ERM; 44 ng/mg) proposed by Long et al (1995).…”
mentioning
confidence: 89%
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“…These concentrations were however, substantially lower than mangroves situated near large urban centers such as Hong Kong (Tam et al, 2001) or Sao Paulo, Brazil (Cavalcante et al, 2009;Medeiros and Bícego, 2004) indicating the importance of human activities in proliferation and accumulation of these toxic compounds. Because most PAHs are very toxic and carcinogenic, we evaluated the ΣPAH concentrations for effect range low (ERL; 4 ng/mg) and effect range medium (ERM; 44 ng/mg) proposed by Long et al (1995).…”
mentioning
confidence: 89%
“…PAHs enter the aquatic environment via industrial discharge, petroleum spills, combustion of fossil fuels, and various non-point source inputs such as agriculture, urban runoff, and atmospheric deposition (Yunker and Mcdonald, 2003;Ke et al, 2005;Cavalcante et al, 2009). …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Provide high productivity, abundant detritus and high levels of organic carbon (Cavalcante et al 2009). Mangrove species diversity is believed to be highest in the Indo-West Pacific Very limited information on species diversity and relevance to SEAM, or marine systems in general, predominately freshwater organisms (Fontaneto et al 2006).…”
Section: Available Unknownmentioning
confidence: 99%