The impact of variable demand upon the performance of a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant

Bass, Robert J.; Malalasekera, Weeratunge; Willmot, Peter; Versteeg, Hendrik K.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2010.09.020

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In recent years, with an increasing share of combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) in total electricity generation, natural gas is playing a significant role in low-carbon power generation [1][2][3]. In a traditional energy system, the interaction between a natural gas network and an electricity network can be implemented only via gas turbines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated optimal dispatch and market equilibrium of integrated electric power and natural gas networks with P2G embedded

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2017

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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As power to gas (P2G) technology gradually matures, the coupling between electricity networks and natural gas networks should ideally evolve synergistically. With the intent of characterizing market behaviors of integrated electric power and natural gas networks (IPGNs) with P2G facilities, this paper establishes a steady-state model of P2G and constructs optimal dispatch models of an electricity network and a natural gas network separately. In addition, a concept of slack energy flow (SEF) is proposed as a tool for coordinated optimal dispatch between the two networks. To study how the market pricing mechanism affects coordinated optimal dispatch in an IPGN, a market equilibrium-solving model for an IPGN is constructed according to game theory, with a solution based on the Nikaido-Isoda function. Case studies are conducted on a joint model that combines the modified IEEE 118-node electricity network and the Belgian 20-node gas network. The results show that if the game between an electric power company and a natural gas company reaches market equilibrium, not only can both companies maximize their profits, but also the coordinated operation of the coupling units, i.e., gas turbines and P2G facilities, will contribute more to renewable energy utilization and carbon emission reduction.Keywords Integrated electric power and natural gas networks (IPGNs), Market equilibrium, Power to gas (P2G), Slack energy flow (SEF)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated optimal dispatch and market equilibrium of integrated electric power and natural gas networks with P2G embedded

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2017

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Bass et al [2], using measured data from a gas turbine power generation plant in the UK, have shown how intermittent and variable sources of energy could impact on traditional power generation. Future management of electricity supply networks thus requires energy storage systems, variable tariff systems and cooperation from electricity consumers to limit low-priority power usage in times of high demand on the grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a user-friendly, low-cost home energy monitoring and recording system

Fletcher

Malalasekera

2016

Energy

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This paper reports research undertaken to develop a user-friendly home energy monitoring system which is capable of collecting, processing and displaying detailed usage data. The system allows users to monitor power usage and switch their electronic appliances remotely, using any web enabled device, including computers, phones and tablets. The system aims to raise awareness of consumer energy use by gathering data about usage habits, and displaying this information to support consumers when selecting energy tariffs or new appliances.To achieve these aims, bespoke electrical hardware, or 'nodes', have been designed and built to monitor power usage, switch devices on and off, and communicate via a Wi-Fi connection, with bespoke software, the 'server'. The server hosts a webpage which allows users to see a real-time overview of how power is being used in the home as well as allowing scheduled tasks and triggered tasks (which respond to events) to be programmed. The system takes advantage of well standardised networking specifications, such as Wi-Fi and TCP, allowing access from within the home, or remotely through the internet. The server runs under Debian Linux on a Raspberry Pi computer and is written in Python, HTML and JavaScript. The server includes advanced functionality, such as device recognition which allows users to individually monitor several devices that share a single node. The openPicus Flyport is used to provide Wi-Fi connectivity and programmable logic control to nodes. The Flyport is programmed with code compiled from C. 1 IntroductionThe management of electrical energy supply to meet the growing demand without contributing more to the green-house gas problem is a major task. At consumer level various forms of smart meters have been introduced by electricity suppliers to inform customers of their energy usage profiles and these have enabled the suppliers to obtain useful demand profiles. However some smart meters do not provide a breakdown of which appliances contribute to the overall demand profile. This has been a problem and smart meters are already termed to be 'not so smart meters ' [24]. There is great interest in developing useful, secure, low-cost technologies to monitor and record domestic energy usage and allow users to have more control over their energy usage.Perhaps in the future such systems may even be able to automatically switch energy provider on their owners behalf, depending on which companies offer the cheapest, greenest energy. The technology could also be used to deliver targeted advertising to users supported by savings estimates based on the real usage data that the system collects.None of the existing 'smart meter' solutions offered by energy suppliers to private homes in the UK are able to control devices around the home. Input into the National Grid in the UK is almost entirely comprised of plants which are unable to quickly change their rate of supply, (for example, gas, coal, nuclear) or worse, have an unreliable rate of supply e.g.wind. Since mass produced el...

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“…Additionally Bass et al (2011) show real data depicting coldand hot-start, step change and peaking modulation for the plant. The power output for this data is shown in Figure 3.4.…”

Section: Dynamic Models Of Thermodynamic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The power output for this data is shown in Figure 3.4. This data can be used as a benchmark for accept- (Bass et al, 2011). able start-up and step times for power modulation. This particular 800 MW CCGT, which uses two 260 MW gas turbines and one 260 MW steam turbine, takes approximately 8 hours for a cold-start and 4 hours for a hot-start.…”

Section: Dynamic Models Of Thermodynamic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) especially are prevalent in the United Kingdom because of their ease of manufacture and ability to achieve high thermal efficiencies of up 60%, while coal-fired stations typically deliver up to 36% (Bass et al, 2011). Bass et al (2011) produced a paper on the impact of variable demand on the performance of a CCGT power plant. Dynamic factors which are important to the UK National Grid Company's System Operator (SO) division include: Review of literature • Start-up and shut-down times.…”

Section: Dynamic Models Of Thermodynamic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic simulation and experimental validation of an Organic Rankine Cycle model

Twomey¹

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The aim of this thesis is to develop a methodology to model and simulate the dynamics of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants, and to demonstrate and validate this methodology by performing experiments on a laboratory-scale ORC plant. Typical plant models for ORCs provide steady state analysis of thermodynamic cycles and losses, but for a system that has complex starting mechanisms and undergoes fluctuations in operating conditions due to environmental effects, dynamic models are needed to predict how the system will behave. Two main questions are interesting to an ORC designer. What is the start-up and shut-down time of the plant? And: What effect does an unprecedented slow or sharp transient in one or multiple physical variables have on the system? There are a number of modelling libraries available for the simulation of Rankine cycles, however there is no complete package that covers all potential dynamic scenarios and is fully documented with guidance on how to develop a stable dynamic model. Issues such as component selection and parameterisation criteria, compilation of stable models in large systems, simulation initialisation strategies, and heat transfer model selection present many challenges to the inexperienced modeller. This thesis aims to address these issues and document strategies to overcome them.Existing modelling libraries do not include extensive heat transfer models that can accurately simulate the heat exchange that occurs during dynamic transients in ORC heat exchangers. Void fraction is a critical variable for the dynamics of a closed thermodynamic cycle that depends on accurate heat transfer models, and models that switch between single-phase and two-phase heat transfer correlation are beneficial here. Development of an extension of the existing heat transfer models to better model these effects is another aim of this thesis.A smaller ORC laboratory that is separate to the main facility used in this project was available early in the thesis to test initial heat exchanger and cycle modelling results. An intermediate project goal was to use this laboratory to model and analyse a novel small-scale solar cogeneration unit that uses cheap and available components to heat water and produce power using a scroll expander. The completion of this goal was seen as a fundamental step toward understanding the physical characteristics of an ORC that is producing power, and to observe the system dynamics. The results of i the study include a typical day's power output for various times of the year, and show the competitiveness of this type of system.The major contributions that originate from the main body of work on the larger ORC facility are:• Development of extended pipe models that include an extra wall for heat transfer to a shell or the environment;• Development of detailed, deterministic plate heat exchanger models with descriptive parameters that can be quickly configured by an inexperienced modeller. These include extensions to heat transfer models and a new phase switching method ...

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The impact of variable demand upon the performance of a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Coordinated optimal dispatch and market equilibrium of integrated electric power and natural gas networks with P2G embedded

Coordinated optimal dispatch and market equilibrium of integrated electric power and natural gas networks with P2G embedded

Development of a user-friendly, low-cost home energy monitoring and recording system

Dynamic simulation and experimental validation of an Organic Rankine Cycle model

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