The Impact of Vascular Disease Treatment on Platelet-Derived Microvesicles

Abstract

Platelet-derived microvesicles (pMVs) are small, heterogeneous vesicles released from platelet membranes as a result of activation. These microvesicles possess a wide range of properties, including prothrombotic, proatherogenic, proinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and even anticoagulant activity. The elevated release of these microvesicles has been observed in various metabolic, inflammatory, thrombotic, and vascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, and connective tissue disease. Modulation of both pMV generation and the expression of their surface molecules may have beneficial clinical implications and could become a novel therapeutic target. However, mechanisms by which pharmacological agents can modify pMV formation are elusive. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of drugs routinely used in primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease on the release of pMV and expression of their surface procoagulant and proinflammatory molecules.

Platelet Reactivity And Circulating Platelet-Derived Microvesicles Are Differently Affected By P2Y12 Receptor Antagonists

“…Notably, an ex vivo study demonstrated that about 23-40% of the procoagulant activity of human platelet suspensions appeared associated with PMVs 11. Besides providing an additional anionic surface for coagulation, including procoagulant activity at a distance from the site of platelet activation, PMVs have been implicated in pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic effects 10,12-14. Elevated numbers of plasma PMVs were described in patients with clinical atherosclerotic CV disease or risk factors, which has been linked to chronic platelet activation 10,12.…”

Association of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Related Chain A/B Positive Microparticles with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Disease Severity

“…Hypertension was the only risk factor used in the adjusted model because a significant difference in hypertension was observed between the NSTEMI and STEMI groups among the study subjects. It has been reported that levels of MPs were decreased by the effect of some vascular disease medications including statin, ACEI/ARB, aspirin, and clopidogrel [31]. Although the study subjects had taken these drugs, the proportion of NSTEMI and STEMI patients who were treated with these medications was not significantly different.…”

Platelet-derived vesicles: diagnostic and predictive value in cardiovascular diseases

“…Although there is strong interrelation between endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and spontaneous generation of platelet-derived vesicles, whether tight control for blood pressure will correspond to a significant decrease of platelet aggregation and reducing the number of circulating pro-coagulant platelet-derived vesicles is not fully understood [62] . However, diminishing of pro-coagulant activity of circulating platelet-derived vesicles can be achieved during effective antihypertensive therapy [62][63][64] . It has been noted that a wide range of antihypertensive drugs, such as calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, are able to hamper the process of micro vesiculation and thereby to reduce a circulating number of platelet-derived vesicles [63,64] .…”

“…However, diminishing of pro-coagulant activity of circulating platelet-derived vesicles can be achieved during effective antihypertensive therapy [62][63][64] . It has been noted that a wide range of antihypertensive drugs, such as calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, are able to hamper the process of micro vesiculation and thereby to reduce a circulating number of platelet-derived vesicles [63,64] . Taken into consideration the role of the vesicles in the pathogenesis of hypertension a variable ability of several antihypertensive drugs to modify shaping and releasing of the particles onto circulation is showed to have promising and require more investigations in the future.…”