“…Subsequently, when such expectations are violated, there is an associated impact on levels of belief, victim blame, and perpetrator exoneration, as well perceived authenticity of the claim, as officers evaluate reports of rape against their predetermined ideas of what rape should look like (Hazelwood & Burgess, 1995). Indeed, extra-legal factors are often present in officers' definitions of rape cases (Campbell & Johnson, 1997;Hazelwood & Burgess, 1995;Mennicke et al, 2014), and several studies have demonstrated that when rapemyth associated information is present, officers are likely to make negative judgements regarding victim and perpetrator responsibility, as well as rape authenticity (Goodman-Delahunty & Graham, 2011;Hine & Murphy, 2017;Lee, Lee, & Lee, 2012;Schuller & Stewart, 2000;Sleath & Bull, 2012;Venema, 2016b). Such research supports the potential influence of individual attitudinal variability on officers' judgements and decision-making in rape cases (Edwards, Turchik, Dardis, Reynolds, & Gidycz, 2011;Kelly, 2010).…”