The Impact of Vivid Messages on Reducing Energy Consumption Related to Hot Water Use

Bailey, Jakki O.; Bailenson, Jeremy N.; Flora, June A.; Armel, K. Carrie; Voelker, David H.; Reeves, Byron

doi:10.1177/0013916514551604

Cited by 75 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…It is important to note, therefore, emerging evidence that virtual reality-based interventions can translate into long-lasting behavioral change in the real world (Ahn, Bailenson, & Park, 2014; Bailey et al, 2015). Accordingly, one might consider attempts to simulate certain risk-taking environments in order to give teens virtual “experiences,” especially negative experiences, with risk taking in a safe, controlled environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influences of described and experienced information on adolescent risky decision making

Rosenbaum

Venkatraman

Steinberg

et al. 2018

Developmental Review

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Adolescents are known to take more risks than adults, which can be harmful to their health and well-being. However, despite age differences in real-world risk taking, laboratory risk-taking paradigms often do not evince these developmental patterns. Recent findings in the literature suggest that this inconsistency may be due in part to differences between how adolescents process information about risk when it is described (e.g., in a description-based classroom intervention) versus when it is experienced (e.g., when a teenager experiences the outcome of a risky choice). The present review considers areas of research that can inform approaches to intervention by deepening our understanding of risk taking in described or experienced contexts. We examine the literature on the description-experience gap, which has generally been limited to studies of adult samples, but which highlights differential decision making when risk information is described versus experienced. Informed by this work, we then explore the developmental literature comparing adolescent to adult decision making, and consider whether inconsistencies in age-related findings might be explained by distinguishing between studies in which participants learn about decision outcomes through experience versus description. In light of evidence that studies using experience-based tasks more often show age differences in risk taking, we consider the implications of this pattern, and argue that experience-based tasks may be more ecologically valid measures of adolescent risky decision making, in part due to the heightened affective nature of these tasks. Finally, we propose a model to integrate our findings with theories of adolescent risk-taking, and discuss implications for risk-reduction messaging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influences of described and experienced information on adolescent risky decision making

Rosenbaum

Venkatraman

Steinberg

et al. 2018

Developmental Review

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“…A recent study showed that interacting with one’s weight-reduced self in a virtual environment could lead to better regulation of dietary practices (Kuo, Lee, & Chiou, 2016). Participants who were exposed to vivid messages about the amount of energy used for heat when experiencing a virtual shower used cooler water than those exposed to vague messages (Bailey et al, 2015). Given that vivid and concrete mental representations of events may induce closer psychological proximity (Liberman & Trope, 2008; Trope & Liberman, 2010), the question of whether the application of virtual reality technology to simulations of concrete future consequences of climate change would enhance risk perception is worthy of investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Episodic Future Thinking to Pre-Experience Climate Change Increases Pro-Environmental Behavior

Lee

Sung

et al. 2018

Environment and Behavior

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Research has found that many people view climate change as a psychologically distant, future threat, which leads them to be less motivated to engage in pro-environmental behavior. Engaging in episodic future thinking (EFT; projecting the self into the future to pre-experience future events) may facilitate the perception of future events as psychologically close, thereby increasing the perceived risk associated with those events. Therefore, engagement in EFT regarding climate change–related risks should induce higher risk perceptions and lead to acting pro-environmentally. In two experiments, we demonstrated that engaging in EFT to pre-experience climate change–related risk events was associated with a higher level of risk perception and a greater tendency toward pro-environmental behavior, including energy-saving use of air-conditioning (Experiment 1), willingness to participate in beach cleaning (Experiment 2), and choice of a meal with lower environmental impact (Experiment 2). The current research provides experimental evidence for an innovative approach to improving public engagement with climate change.

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“…This is because theoretically, in principle, it is possible to create Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs) in which to “fully simulate what it is like to go into a non-immersive system” (Slater, 2009 , p. 3350). Moreover, a commonly held belief is that IVEs offer multisensory experiences, free navigation, and interactive possibilities in three-dimensional and digitally-rendered worlds from a first-person perspective, as if we were in the physical reality, but without being exactly in the physical reality (Bailey et al, 2014 , p. 573; Ahn et al, 2016 , p. 2; Oh et al, 2016 , p. 400; Herrera et al, 2018 , p. 4). This contraposition between the virtual world and the physical or non-virtual world is a core characteristic of immersion.…”

Section: Virtual Reality Technologies: Devices and Fundamental Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality and Empathy Enhancement: Ethical Aspects

Rueda

Lara

2020

Front. Robot. AI

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The history of humankind is full of examples that indicate a constant desire to make human beings more moral. Nowadays, technological breakthroughs might have a significant impact on our moral character and abilities. This is the case of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies. The aim of this paper is to consider the ethical aspects of the use of VR in enhancing empathy. First, we will offer an introduction to VR, explaining its fundamental features, devices and concepts. Then, we will approach the characterization of VR as an “empathy machine,” showing why this medium has aroused so much interest and why, nevertheless, we do not believe it is the ideal way to enhance empathy. As an alternative, we will consider fostering empathy-related abilities through virtual embodiment in avatars. In the conclusion, however, we will examine some of the serious concerns related to the ethical relevance of empathy and will defend the philosophical case for a reason-guided empathy, also suggesting specific guidelines for possible future developments of empathy enhancement projects through VR embodied experiences.

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The Impact of Vivid Messages on Reducing Energy Consumption Related to Hot Water Use

Cited by 75 publications

References 54 publications

The influences of described and experienced information on adolescent risky decision making

The influences of described and experienced information on adolescent risky decision making

Using Episodic Future Thinking to Pre-Experience Climate Change Increases Pro-Environmental Behavior

Virtual Reality and Empathy Enhancement: Ethical Aspects

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