“…First, rising electricity prices and increasing price volatility (Bierbrauer et al, 2007;Valenzuela et al, 2012) will encourage electricity retailers to implement and extend their Demand Response activities. The underlying reason is, as the literature on renewables suggests, that an increase in intermittent wind and solar generation comes at the cost of an increase in the spot-price variance (Chao, 2011;Green and Vasilakos, 2010;Jacobsen and Zvingilaite, 2010;Milstein and Tishler, 2011;Woo et al, 2011). Second, the penetration of Demand Response programs will also increase due to regulatory settings.…”