The Impact of Women’s Empowerment on Their Entrepreneurship Intention in the Saudi Food Industry

Hassan, Osama H. Mahmoud; Sobaih, Abu Elnasr E.; Elshaer, Ibrahim A.

doi:10.3390/jrfm15120571

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This is because most of the community members do not accept women working in a gender-mixed environment, such as restaurants [38], and family members do not accept this [9]. However, the Saudi Vision 2030 has empowered women, and they are expected to be seen in new jobs such as those in restaurants [39]. This participation of women can support restaurants in meeting the new Saudization quota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Effective Implementation of Saudization Policy in the Restaurant Sector

Sobaih

2023

Sustainability

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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is one of the countries that heavily rely on expatriates, especially in the private sector, which includes restaurants. However, to overcome the increasing rate of unemployment, the government has adopted new quota up to 50% Saudi Arabian people in restaurants. Notwithstanding, Saudization has been more successful in public sectors than it has been in the private sector. The current study undertook a sequential mixed method approach, starting with a questionnaire for newly joined local workers in restaurants and supplemented with in-depth interviews with managers. The main purpose of the questionnaire was to understand how new local workers perceive their new jobs/careers in restaurants, while the managers’ interviews explored the challenges encountered in the effective implementation of the new quota in restaurants. The results of questionnaire showed that local workers had negative perceptions about their new jobs/careers. They perceived it as a “bad” and “disrespected” job and reported overall dissatisfaction with their new job. Newly joined local workers consider restaurant positions as a “transit job”, with no intention to continue it as a career or even recommend it to their friends and family members. Managers, on the other hand, identified six main challenges that are associated with this, albeit they are linked to the absence of a clear strategic framework and executive plan by the government for the effective implementation of the new quota. The plan has to clearly focus on the employability and mitigate the wrong assumption about working in restaurants due to cultural and social impacts. The plan should consider the needs of both employers and employees to promote sustainable career among local workers, which ultimately influences the sustainable development of restaurants in the KSA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Effective Implementation of Saudization Policy in the Restaurant Sector

Sobaih

2023

Sustainability

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“…Previous studies have shown that fluctuations in political and economic systems significantly affect women's entrepreneurship success, which is why these factors lead to an increase or decrease in their performance and success at a significant level (Abdallah & Alnamri, 2015;Lindvert, et al, 2017;Khan, 2021). The results of the study by Hassan et al (2022) showed that the psychological, political and economic empowerment of women positively and significantly affects female entrepreneurship, while the impact of social empowerment of women is negative but not at a statistically significant level. 1.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 93%

Using Structural Equation Modeling in the Analysis of the Relationship Between Internal and External Factors and Women Entrepreneurs’ Success

Stanković,

Vujičić,

Radović-Marković

2023

jwee

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In modern business conditions, entrepreneurship, as a significant driver of economic growth and development, is also an important facilitator of women's empowerment in developed and developing countries. In this sense, the aim of this research is to determine whether internal and external factors have direct, positive, and significant effects on women entrepreneurs' success. The research, including the pilot test, was carried out in the period July - October 2022, whereby a convenient sample included 514 female entrepreneurs, whose enterprises operate on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The causal relationships between observed variables were assessed using the Structural Equation Modeling method. The obtained results showed that both internal (self-confidence, need for achievement, and risk-taking) and external factors (economic and socio-cultural) are significant determinants of women entrepreneurs' success. The results emphasize the need to motivate women to start their own businesses, by organizing various educational courses and workshops and women's support programs by the government.

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“…Elshaer et al [7] stated that while women are empowered politically and psychologically in Saudi tourism, they are not socially empowered. Hassan et al [62] found that Saudi women felt less socially empowered than men did. This restricted social empowerment negatively influences women's intention of entrepreneurship [62].…”

Section: Saudi Women's Empowermentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hassan et al [62] found that Saudi women felt less socially empowered than men did. This restricted social empowerment negatively influences women's intention of entrepreneurship [62]. To conclude, despite the huge effort conducted to empower Saudi women, whether politically, economically, or psychologically, there are still challenges that need to be addressed to ensure social empowerment.…”

Section: Saudi Women's Empowermentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges to Cracking the Glass Ceiling among Saudi Women in the Tourism Industry

Sobaih,

Abu Elnasr

2024

Tourism and Hospitality

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Women’s participation in the tourism workforce is growing intensely in response to Saudi Vision 2030. Notwithstanding this, Saudi women still have limited access to senior management positions. This study explores the barriers that Saudi women face to reach top managerial positions in the tourism industry and explores how Saudi women could crack the glass ceiling. For these reasons, this study undertook a phenomenological approach using in-depth interviews with Saudi women who were able to reach senior management. The purpose of the interviews is to explore their lived experience and their accessibility to senior management positions. The results of a thematic analysis showed that there were four overlapped barriers for the glass ceiling among Saudi women: cultural and social barriers, regulatory barriers, organizational barriers, and personal barriers. These main barriers have sub-barriers that contribute to the glass ceiling and prevent many women from reaching senior positions. This study shows that overcoming these barriers, particularly cultural and social barriers, could help Saudi women to crack the glass ceiling and achieve their dream of leadership. This study discusses the implications for policy makers, academics, and practitioners on the effective contribution of Saudi women to the tourism labor market, which contributes to sustainable tourism development and, ultimately, to Saudi Vision 2030.

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The Impact of Women’s Empowerment on Their Entrepreneurship Intention in the Saudi Food Industry

Cited by 8 publications

References 66 publications

Challenges in Effective Implementation of Saudization Policy in the Restaurant Sector

Challenges in Effective Implementation of Saudization Policy in the Restaurant Sector

Using Structural Equation Modeling in the Analysis of the Relationship Between Internal and External Factors and Women Entrepreneurs’ Success

Challenges to Cracking the Glass Ceiling among Saudi Women in the Tourism Industry

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