The impacts of COVID-19 crisis on spillovers between the oil and stock markets: Evidence from the largest oil importers and exporters

COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on intraday volatility spillover between oil, gold, and stock markets

“… Authors Data period Sample Methodology Main conclusion Dai et al (2022) Daily data from December 2014 to May 2021 5 Chinese sector stock indexes, WTI crude oil, and gold prices Spillover method of Diebold and Yilmaz ( Diebold and Yilmaz, 2012a , Diebold and Yilmaz, 2012b , 2014) and Granger causality test Gold and oil are the net receivers of the systemic shocks and all Chinese sectors are net transmitters of the systemic shocks. Mensi et al (2022) Daily data from September 2010 to December 2020 22 sub indices of the STOXX 600 index, Brent oil, and gold futures Spillover method of Diebold and Yilmaz ( Diebold and Yilmaz, 2012a , Diebold and Yilmaz, 2012b , 2014) Similar findings with Dai et al (2022) Ali et al (2022) Daily data from January 2019 to March 2021 WTI and Brent oil. Stock markets of US, Russia, China, Canada, Venezuela Wavelet-based Granger causality method Increase of co-movement between the oil futures markets during COVID-19.…”

Impact of Coronavirus on liquidity in financial markets

“…According to research by Bouri et al, (2021) during the COVID pandemic returns across different securities becoming more “connected”. Similarly, in research by Ali et al (2022) using the wavelet-based Granger causality approach, it was established that that the oil and share indices have less co-movement on a smaller scale but greater movement on a larger scale across all periods. In addition, the same researchers found significant bidirectional causality from oil to stock markets.…”

The Ability of Digital Literacy for Elementary School Teachers

“…The phenomenon of the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020 led the government to issue several policies including social distancing, physical distancing, to large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) (Ali et al, 2021;Rafique et al, 2021). The covid-19 phenomenon requires teachers to have adequate digital literacy to teach online and apply the latest and innovative educational models (Beck et al, 2021;Sánchez-Cruzado et al, 2021).…”