“…Based on retail studies on shopping motivation and tourism research on viewing cross‐border shopping as leisure activities, Yuan, Fowler, Goh, and Lauderdale () examined the patterns of cross‐border consumption of Mexican tourist shoppers to the United States, and they found cross‐border shopping by Mexicans to the United States as a combination of two aspects: the utilitarian and pleasurable shopping experiences, or both functional and recreational. Another special type of cross‐border shopping is seen as “parallel trading activities” such as Chinese cross‐border tourists to Hong Kong carrying products from Hong Kong to Mainland China for resale (Li, Cheung, & Han, ). More importantly, two recent tourism studies (Hadjimarcou, Herrera, & Salazar, ; Sharma, Chen, & Luk, ) claimed that cross‐border tourists contributed equally to the internationalisation of trade.…”