The impacts of increasing temperature and moderate hypoxia on the production characteristics, cardiac morphology and haematology of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Gamperl, A. Kurt; Ajiboye, O. O.; Zanuzzo, Fábio S.; Sandrelli, Rebbecah M.; Peroni, Ellen de Fátima Carvalho; Beemelmanns, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734874

Cited by 79 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 74 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…6C, Additional le 12). Since the main treatment effect was explained by PC-1 (Table 2), all the genes with signi cant associations to CP-1 are likely to be key drivers of the phenotypic changes in WN sh (reported in Gamperl et al [42]). Out of the seven phenotypic characteristics for the WN group, only SGR correlated signi cantly with CP-2 ( Fig.…”

Section: Correlation Between Gene Expression and Phenotypic Traits Comentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In addition, the dissolved oxygen levels within the cages uctuate substantially due to temperature, sh density, feeding and low water exchange [39][40][41], and frequent hypoxic events (~ 60-70% air saturation) occur in late summer [33,34,36]. These suboptimal conditions may negatively affect their physiological and growth performance [1,42], and recently led to mass mortalities at cage-sites in Newfoundland, Canada [33]. Consequently, these conditions are raising concerns worldwide about the pro tability of the industry and salmon welfare and survival [1,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the experiment, salmon were carefully fed by hand to satiation twice daily (at 9:00 and 15:00) with the commercial salmon feed as indicated above. See Gamperl et al [42] for more speci c information on these experimental protocols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This minimum number of 24 samples was considered as su cient to achieve statistical robustness and power (of 80%) to detect a signi cant effect (p < 0.05) with an estimated medium-large effect size (f 2 = 0.43), based on a priori multiple regression power calculation using the pwr.f2.test function of the pwr package in the R-software [46]. Further, this sample size was based on prior experiments with similar designs and treatments [42,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, we measured the sh's weight [g], fork length [cm], liver mass [g], spleen mass [g], and ventricle mass [g]. The growth and physiological indices of condition factor (CF), speci c growth rate (SGR), hepato-somatic index (HSI), spleen-somatic index (SSI) and relative ventricular mass (RVM) were calculated, and these values (which are reported in Gamperl et al [42]) were used in the current study for correlation analyses with gene expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Transcriptomic Responses of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to High Temperature Stress Alone, and in Combination with Moderate Hypoxia

Beemelmanns

Zanuzzo

Xue

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Increases in seawater temperatures and in the frequency and severity of hypoxic events are expected with climate change, and may become a challenge for cultured Atlantic salmon and negatively affect their growth, immunology and welfare. Thus, we examined how an incremental temperature increase alone (Warm & Normoxic-WN: 12→20°C; 1°C week-1), and in combination with moderate hypoxia (Warm & Hypoxic-WH: ~70% air saturation), impacted salmon’s hepatic transcriptome expression compared to control fish (CT: 12°C, normoxic) using 44K microarrays and qPCR. Results: Overall, we identified 2,894 differentially expressed probes (DEPs, FDR < 5%), that included 1,111 shared DEPs, while 789 and 994 DEPs were specific to WN and WH fish, respectively. Pathway analysis suggested that the cellular mechanisms affected by the two experimental conditions were quite similar, with up-regulated genes functionally associated with heat shock response, ER-stress, apoptosis and immune defence, while genes connected with general metabolic processes, proteolysis and oxidation-reduction were largely suppressed. The qPCR assessment of 41 microarray-identified genes validated that the heat shock response (hsp90aa1, serpinh1), apoptosis (casp8, jund, jak2) and immune responses (apod, c1ql2, epx) were up-regulated in WN and WH fish, while oxidative stress and hypoxia sensitive genes were down-regulated (cirbp, cyp1a1, egln2, gstt1, hif1α, prdx6, rraga, ucp2). However, the additional challenge of hypoxia resulted in more pronounced effects on heat shock and immune-related processes, including a stronger influence on the expression of 14 immune-related genes. Finally, robust correlations between the transcription of 19 genes and several phenotypic traits in WH fish suggest that changes in gene expression were related to an impaired physiological and growth performance. Conclusion: Increasing temperature to 20°C alone, and in combination with hypoxia, resulted in the up- and down-regulation of genes involved in similar important pathways in Atlantic salmon. However, the heat shock and immune responses of fish exposed to 20°C and hypoxia were more affected, and their transcriptional dysregulation was related to reduced performance. This study provides valuable information on how these two environmental challenges affect the expression of stress-, metabolic- and immune-related genes and pathways and identifies potential biomarker genes for improving our understanding of fish health and welfare.

show abstract

Section: Correlation Between Gene Expression and Phenotypic Traits Comentioning

confidence: 96%