The impacts of metabolic syndrome and lifestyle on the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia requiring treatment: historical cohort study of 130 454 men

Abstract

MetS and its components, particularly low HDL-C levels, were strongly correlated with an increased prevalence of BPH requiring treatment. In addition, moderate alcohol intake and elderly men from lower socioeconomic strata were associated with a decreased prevalence of BPH requiring treatment in our cohort.

Optimal high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level for decreasing benign prostatic hyperplasia in men not taking statin medication: A historical cohort study

“…Recently, several studies have reported that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased prevalence of BPH 8,9 . Our study group also reported similar results using the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea 10 . Moreover, our study group also reported that, among the components of MetS, a decreased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was the most powerful variable associated with an increased prevalence of BPH, 10 which was consistent with the findings of previous studies 11,12 .…”

“…A total of 130 342 men who had a national health checkup in 2009 were initially selected. We excluded those without information on MetS, as previously described 10 . Among these men, 36 854 men with BPH in 2009 were excluded.…”

“…In addition, 45 061 men who took statins in 2009 were excluded because they had more frequent annual medical facility visits as compared with those who did not take statins (Table S1). Because we defined BPH as the diagnosis of BPH at a medical facility according to the Korean Classification of Disease, sixth revision (KCD‐6) codes, as described in a previous study, 10 the number of medical facility visits per year could affect the incidence of BPH diagnosis at a medical facility. Finally, 48 539 men were ultimately included in the analysis.…”

“…All diseases were defined using the Korean Classification of Disease, sixth revision (KCD‐6) codes, which was modified based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD‐10). As mentioned above, BPH in the current study was defined as men who had visited clinics for treating LUTS with the diagnosis of BPH by clinicians at least once since 2003 as described in our previous study 10 . The presence of diabetes and hypertension was defined on the basis of the National Cholesterol Education Program‐Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP‐ATP III) guidelines 15 .…”

“…In other words, identifying a protective HDL cholesterol cut‐off value to prevent BPH could be useful in improving male health. For this reason, we investigated the impact of HDL cholesterol levels on the incidence of BPH in men without BPH, using the large historical cohort from the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service that we used in a previous study 10 . In addition, we aimed to evaluate the optimal HDL cholesterol level for BPH decrement after adjusting for other variables, including other cholesterol levels.…”