The Impacts of Mid-Level Alcohol Content in Gasoline on SIDI Engine-Out and Tailpipe Emissions

He, Xin; Ireland, John C.; Zigler, Bradley T.; Ratcliff, Matthew A.; Knoll, Keith; Alleman, Teresa L.; Luecke, Jon; Tester, John T.

doi:10.1115/icef2010-35106

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies using the production LNF-series engine showed strong correlation between PN emissions and SOI. At idle and 1000-3 conditions, significantly higher PN emissions were observed. , It was hypothesized that this was primarily due to the very early fuel injection timing at these conditions that caused more liquid fuel impingement on the piston bowl. This may lead to liquid fuel that is not totally vaporized and well mixed with the intake air at the start of combustion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies conducted by the authors using a production General Motors (GM) Ecotec 2.0 L LNF-series GDI engine showed that E10 produced almost the same PN emissions as E0, while E20 reduced PN emission by up to 20%. 10,11 Storey et al 12 conducted a similar study using a Pontiac Solstice equipped with a similar GM 2.0 L LNF-series GDI engine by running the vehicle on Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and US06 Supplemental Federal Test Procedure cycles. They found that E20 reduced PM mass emissions by 30% and 42% over the FTP and US06 cycles respectively.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Operating Parameters on Particle Number Emissions

2012

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A single-cylinder, wall-guided, spark ignition direct injection engine was used to study the impact of engine operating parameters on engine-out particle number (PN) emissions. Experiments were conducted with certification gasoline and a splash blend of 20% fuel grade ethanol in gasoline (E20), at four steady-state engine operating conditions. Independent engine control parameter sweeps were conducted including start of injection, injection pressure, spark timing, exhaust cam phasing, intake cam phasing, and air−fuel ratio. The results show that fuel injection timing is the dominant factor impacting PN emissions from this wall-guided gasoline direct injection engine. The major factor causing high PN emissions is fuel liquid impingement on the piston bowl. By avoiding fuel impingement, more than an order of magnitude reduction in PN emission was observed. Increasing fuel injection pressure reduces PN emissions because of smaller fuel droplet size and faster fuel−air mixing. PN emissions are insensitive to cam phasing and spark timing, especially at high engine load. Cold engine conditions produce higher PN emissions than hot engine conditions due to slower fuel vaporization and thus less fuel−air homogeneity during the combustion process. E20 produces lower PN emissions at low and medium loads if fuel liquid impingement on piston bowl is avoided. At high load or if there is fuel liquid impingement on piston bowl and/or cylinder wall, E20 tends to produce higher PN emissions. This is probably a function of the higher heat of vaporization of ethanol, which slows the vaporization of other fuel components from surfaces and may create local fuel-rich combustion or even pool-fires.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Operating Parameters on Particle Number Emissions

2012

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“…It is also a compound with excellent fuel performance. Compared with ethanol, isobutanol has higher energy density, lower oxygen content, and lower hygroscopicity, making it an ideal gasoline additive or substitute [9, 10]. However, there are many problems in the production of bioisobutanol, such as low fermentation concentration [11], many impurities [12], the formation of azeotropes with water [13], resulting in high separation costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of extraction options for a next‐generation biofuel: Recovery of bio‐isobutanol from aqueous solutions

Zhang

et al. 2021

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Isobutanol is a widely used platform compound and a raw material for synthesizing many high value‐added compounds. It also has excellent fuel properties and is an ideal gasoline additive or substitute with a very broad development space. Isobutanol production by biological fermentation has the advantages of a comprehensive source of raw materials, low cost, environmental protection, and sustainability. However, it also has disadvantages such as many impurities, low isobutanol concentration, and difficulty separating the water + isobutanol azeotrope. Thus, it is necessary to explore an appropriate downstream separation process for the water + isobutanol azeotrope. K2CO3 with a strong salting‐out effect was used as the salting‐out agent, and the salting‐out of isobutanol from aqueous solutions was investigated at 298.15 K. The effect of the initial salt concentration in the aqueous solution, the recovery of isobutanol, and the effect of dehydration were investigated in detail. The e‐NRTL‐RK model was employed to generate the binary parameters for isobutanol and water, and electrolyte pair parameters for water/isobutanol and ions to reproduce the phase diagram with high accuracy. The processes of solvent extractive distillation, and salting‐out + distillation were simulated by Aspen Plus. The energy consumptions for the solvent‐based and salting‐out‐based processes were compared. The salting‐out + distillation process turned out to be more energy‐saving than the solvent extraction process.

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“…The PM emissions were the focus of an investigation by He et al [69] in which gasoline-isobutanol and gasoline-ethanol blends were compared through engine tests. The particulate emissions, expressed both as size distributions and total concentrations, were measured under engine-out and tailpipe (post three-way catalyst) conditions.…”

Section: Engine Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Isobutanol as a Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines

Olson,

Tunér,

Verhelst

2023

Energies

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Isobutanol, one of the four isomers of butanol (C4H9OH), possesses some favorable properties that make it an attractive fuel for internal combustion engines. For instance, when compared to ethanol, isobutanol features a higher heating value and lower hygroscopicity (which prevents corrosion and enables it to be transported via pipelines). Moreover, its addition to gasoline does not distort the fuel blend’s vapor pressure to the same extent as ethanol does. All of this while having a high octane rating. Those advantages over ethanol suggest that isobutanol has the potential to be used as a gasoline oxygenate or even as a neat fuel. Furthermore, the advances made in biotechnology have enabled isobutanol to be produced from biomass more efficiently, allowing it to be used in compliance with existing renewable energy mandates. This article reviews some of the relevant literature dedicated to isobutanol as a motor fuel, covering its merits and drawbacks. Several studies on its combustion characteristics are also discussed. Most of the included literature refers to the use of isobutanol in spark-ignition (SI) engines, as its properties naturally lend themselves to such applications. However, isobutanol’s utilization in diesel engines is also addressed, along with a couple of low-temperature combustion examples.

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The Impacts of Mid-Level Alcohol Content in Gasoline on SIDI Engine-Out and Tailpipe Emissions

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Operating Parameters on Particle Number Emissions

Effects of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Operating Parameters on Particle Number Emissions

Assessment of extraction options for a next‐generation biofuel: Recovery of bio‐isobutanol from aqueous solutions

A Review of Isobutanol as a Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines

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