The impacts of wind and solar on grid flexibility requirements in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas

Deetjen, Thomas A.; Rhodes, Joshua D.; Webber, Michael E.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.021

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In [115], it is shown that as the penetration of renewable energy resources exceeds 1 GW in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), a flexibility requirement is urged. For instance, adding 14.5 GW of solar generation to the ERCOT leads to an increment in the maximum 1-hour ramp requirement to 135%, and in 3-hour ramp requirement by 30%.…”

Section: Effects Of Increasing Renewable Resources Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power system flexibility: an overview of emergence to evolution

Akrami

Doostizadeh

Aminifar

2019

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

146

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Power systems are evolving to the networks with proliferated penetration of renewable energy resources to leverage their environmental and economic advantages. However, due to the stochastic nature of renewables, the management of the rapidly increasing uncertainty and variability in power system planning and operation is of crucial significance. This paper represents a comprehensive overview of power system flexibility as an effective way to maintain the power balance at every moment. Definitions of power system flexibility from various aspects are explained to reach the reliable and economic planning and operation of the power system. The effects of the high penetration of variable energy resources on power systems and the evolution of flexibility in response to renewables are studied. A variety of resources during the flexibility evolutionary transition are introduced and discussed. As an influential flexibility solution in current power systems integrated with renewable resources, market design improvement is widely reviewed in this paper, and required modifications in market design mechanisms are investigated pertaining to various time horizons.

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Section: Effects Of Increasing Renewable Resources Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power system flexibility: an overview of emergence to evolution

Akrami

Doostizadeh

Aminifar

2019

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

146

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“…A significant number of levers may be activated to provide flexibility to a power system which may be regrouped in four main categories: flexible generation, flexible demand, energy storage and network interconnection [2]. The wide variety of their characteristics and constraints makes their simultaneous modelling complex, calling for literature to take a step back from the lever view and try to understand, define and quantify flexibility [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Several definitions have been presented, all are in general agreement; flexibility is understood as the power system's ability to cope with variability and uncertainty in demand and generation.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in these last two studies, power and energy metrics do not express a flexibility requirement inherent to a load curve, but provide storage characteristics, which were jointly optimised with generation, VRES curtailment or network (which are themselves flexibility providers). [4,5,17] Ramp acceleration Double derivative of net load over time [5] Volatility Sum of ramp accelerations over a certain time period [5] The literature already provides ample metrics evaluating a system's need for intra-day flexibility. However, flexibility is a multi-timescale issue [17].…”

Section: Review Of Flexibility Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using one and multiple hour ramps, Huber et al [4] have extended the analysis to both onshore wind and solar photovoltaics impacts on European net load curves. Deetjen et al [5] have performed a similar study on the ERCOT system, with a wide variety of ramp derived indicators. Both of these studies highlight the fact that increased solar photovoltaics penetration generates a significant additional ramping requirement, the effect of wind is much more limited.…”

Section: Variables Impacting Flexibility Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-temporal assessment of power system flexibility requirement

Heggarty

Bourmaud²,

Girard

et al. 2019

Applied Energy

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In power systems, flexibility can be defined as the ability to adapt to variability and uncertainty in demand and generation. Various ongoing changes in the power system are impacting the need for flexibility. We propose a novel methodology to (i) evaluate annual, weekly and daily flexibility requirements through a set of frequency spectrum analysis based metrics, (ii) examine the sensitivity of these flexibility requirements to five variables: the degree of network interconnection and the penetration of wind power, solar power, electric heating and cooling. The proposed methodology is validated on a case study focusing on the French power system, while accounting for its electrically connected neighbours. We provide an estimation of how flexibility requirements are likely to evolve in years to come; the use of global sensitivity analysis allows the identification of the variables responsible for these evolutions. The presented methodology and results can be used to identify future challenges, to evaluate the market potential of flexibility solutions and to assess the implications of policy decisions.

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“…Variability and uncertainty impact the amount of capacity needed to meet planning and operating reserve requirements, and can impact the cost of financing as higher variability can lead to higher project risk. Numerous studies examine how shortterm variability and uncertainty impact operations, such as by increasing generator cycling and necessitating increased system reserve requirements (Wan 2011, Lew et al 2013, Deetjen et al 2017, Zhao et al 2017. However, research considering how long-term variability and uncertainty impact planning and operations is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-annual variability of wind and solar electricity generation and capacity values in Texas

Kumler

Carreño

Craig

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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As power systems shift towards increasing wind and solar electricity generation, inter-annual variability (IAV) of wind and solar resource and generation will pose increasing challenges to power system planning and operations. To help gauge these challenges to the power system, we quantify IAV of wind and solar resource and electricity generation across the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) power system, then assess the IAV of wind and solar electricity generation during peak-load hours (i.e. IAV of wind and solar capacity values) for the current ERCOT wind and solar generator fleet. To do so, we leverage the long timespan of four reanalysis datasets with the high resolution of grid integration datasets. We find the IAV (quantified as the coefficient of variation) of wind generation ranges from 2.3%-11% across ERCOT, while the IAV of solar generation ranges from 1.7%-5% across ERCOT. We also find significant seasonal and regional variability in the IAV of wind and solar generation, highlighting the importance of considering multiple temporal and spatial scales when planning and operating the power system. In addition, the IAV of the current wind and solar fleets' capacity values (defined as generation during peak-load hours) are larger than the IAV of the same fleets' capacity factors. IAV of annual generation and capacity values of wind and solar could impact operations and planning in several ways, e.g. through annual emissions, meeting emission reduction targets, and investment needs to maintain capacity adequacy.

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The impacts of wind and solar on grid flexibility requirements in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Power system flexibility: an overview of emergence to evolution

Power system flexibility: an overview of emergence to evolution

Multi-temporal assessment of power system flexibility requirement

Inter-annual variability of wind and solar electricity generation and capacity values in Texas

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