The Imperialism of Free Trade

Gallagher, John; Robinson, R.

doi:10.2307/2591017

Cited by 1,001 publications

(112 citation statements)

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“…The tendency to see free trade as a kind of non-violent imperialism is nonetheless particularly strong (Gallagher and Robinson, 1953). In discussing the developing American imperial role, Reinhold Niebuhr remarked in 1931 in an article entitled 'Awkward Imperialists' that 'we are the first empire of the world to establish our sway without legions.…”

Section: Globalization Liberalism and Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

Connection and constitution: locating war and culture in globalization studies

Barkawi¹

2004

Globalizations

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War and the military are neglected in globalization studies, despite the fact that the worldwide circulation of people, goods and ideas often takes warlike form. This article seeks to remedy this neglect by conceiving war itself as a form of interconnection between peoples and locales, and as an occasion for circulation and interchange. The article develops a multidimensional and historical conception of globalization as relations of connection and mutual constitution, and locates war and culture within them. Cultural approaches to globalization are used to illuminate the role of war and the military in consciousness of the world as a whole and to address the significance of military 'traveling cultures'.The end of the Cold War saw the rise of globalization as a frame for conceiving world politics, for scholars, politicians, policy analysts and the public. Alongside the neoliberal 'globalist' agenda that framed much discussion in policy and media circles, a diverse and multidisciplinary scholarly literature developed with extraordinary rapidity. Liberated from the peculiar confines of the discipline of International Relations (IR), with its obsession for sovereignty and relative neglect of social relations, a rich and exciting body of thought concerning the 'international' broadly conceived has grown around the globalization concept, with economists, sociologists, anthropologists and historians as well as political scientists making important if sometimes contradictory contributions. IR took as its central problem the question of war and peace. By contrast, with some important exceptions, in globalization studies relatively little attention is paid to war, despite the frequency of armed conflict since 1989.Where war is considered, it most often is understood as a separate and distinct phenomenon from globalization. There is for example a debate over whether or not economic globalization promotes peace or causes war (Schneider et al., 2003). Al Qaeda is sometimes conceived as Globalizations

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Section: Globalization Liberalism and Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

Connection and constitution: locating war and culture in globalization studies

Barkawi¹

2004

Globalizations

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“…This stands in contrast to 'formal empire', which connotes the annexation of overseas/external territory (cf. Gallagher and Robinson, 1953; see also Gravier, 2009 and. These practices are external manifestations of the EU's mode of governing 'inwards'; whereas the early European project was intent on governing that which laid within its borders, including however overseas (colonial) territories, the Union has gradually developed the willingness, 233 capacity and above all the habits of influencing the peripheries beyond its borders, leading to a common feature of empires: the EU simultaneously is an empire and has an empire (Gravier, 2014).…”

Section: Conceptualising Eu Foreign Policy As Practices Of Imperial Imentioning

confidence: 99%

North Africa and the Making of Europe : Governance, Institutions and Culture

Davis¹,

Serres²,

Brunet³

et al. 2018

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“…Thus, as a reaction to the contradictions of capitalists' accumulation, the capitalists from Europe and beyond turned their attention to the economically under exploited Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Gallagher and Robinson (1953) rightly noted that within a given under exploited region, economic expansion tends to flow into sub-regions of maximum opportunity. The oil rich Niger Delta region to them is a region of maximum opportunity in Nigeria.…”

Section: The Theoretical Basis Of the Amnesty Initiative And Challengmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Conflict to Peace Building and Post Conflict Reconstruction: A Critical Reflection on the Nigeria Niger Delta Amnesty

Mohammed

Robinson

Aliyu

2014

ILSHS

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Many decades of exploration and exploitation of petroleum resources have adversely affected the host communities in the Niger Delta. Environmental degradation, loss of means of livelihood, unemployment, poverty, loss of lives and general underdevelopment characterized the region. These formidable odds that threaten the survival of the Niger Delta people triggered off various shades of interminable violent agitations by militants that involved hostage taking and attacks on oil installations. These agitations, no doubt, reduced crude oil production and had adverse effect onthe national economy. This prompted the Nigerian state to intermittently launch attacks on the militants. In spite of the bombardments by the military Joint Task Force, the militants remain resolute in their agitations. Disturbed by the security and economic challenges, the Nigerian state came out with the amnesty initiative. The initiative was designed for the militants to surrender their arms, renounce militancy and also create a favourable atmosphere for the sustainable development of the region. This paper is geared towards examining theoretically, the efficacy of the amnesty initiative in finding solution to the general problem of underdevelopment in the Niger Delta. Situating the discourse within economic integration framework, the paper argues succinctly that the amnesty initiative is intentionally designed to deceitfully disarm the militants and create an enabling environment for the multinational oil companies to operate unhindered while ignoring the burning issues of underdevelopment that triggered the violent agitations in the first place. In order to avert a relapse into militancy, the Nigerian state must develop a credible rehabilitation package for the ex-militants and a holistic framework that can adequately address the problem of underdevelopment in the Niger Delta.

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The Imperialism of Free Trade

Cited by 1,001 publications

References 0 publications

Connection and constitution: locating war and culture in globalization studies

Connection and constitution: locating war and culture in globalization studies

North Africa and the Making of Europe : Governance, Institutions and Culture

From Conflict to Peace Building and Post Conflict Reconstruction: A Critical Reflection on the Nigeria Niger Delta Amnesty

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