The implementation limitation of variable renewable energies and its impacts on the public power grid

Xu, Tingting; Gao, Weijun; Qian, Fanyue; Li, Yanxue

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.121992

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The total cost of a power system is minimized as the objective, including the capacity investment costs of renewable energies and EES systems, the costs of existing thermal power units, their operation costs which consist of their regular operation costs, and ancillary service costs such as the costs of balancing reserves and flexibility services. A high share of renewable energies may result in their declining value in a power system [39,44], and the curtailment penalty of renewable energies will not be included in the model. The power capacity and energy capacity of an EES system are its key characteristics [14,34], which can help the applications of an EES system in a power system.…”

Section: Objective Function and Related Constraints 211 Objective Fun...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Strategies for Increasing Grid-Integrated Share of Renewable Energy with Energy Storage and Existing Coal Fired Power Generation in China

2022

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The growing share of renewable energies needs more flexible services to balance their intermittency and variance. The existing coal fired units and electrical energy storage (EES) systems may play an important role in delivering flexible services. The value of their flexibility services, along with the value of renewable energies, has to be analyzed from the perspective of the power system, in which the capacity costs and operation costs of renewable energy power units, EES systems, and thermal power generation units have to be taken into consideration. An optimal model is built to analyze the renewable energy integration and the flexibility services delivered by the EES systems and thermal power units in a power system. Taking the existing thermal power units and EES systems in North China Power Grid as an instance, the overall cost of the grid is examined for the penetration of renewable energies and flexible service provision. The results show that the growing shares of renewable energies are affected by their capacity credits and flexibility sources in the grid, and that the potential of thermal power units to provide flexible services will be reduced due to the replacement of renewable energies for thermal power generation. The results also indicate that the thermal units may be dispatched to have priority to delivering flexible services for the renewable energy integration, and that the curtailment of renewable energies may be regarded as one type of flexible service. According to these results, policy and strategy recommendations are put forward to weigh the role of existing coal-fired units and EES systems in providing flexible services, and to improve their compensation mechanism and their coordination.

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Section: Objective Function and Related Constraints 211 Objective Fun...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Strategies for Increasing Grid-Integrated Share of Renewable Energy with Energy Storage and Existing Coal Fired Power Generation in China

2022

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“…This study assesses these power generation forms with a small proportion. This study considers that nuclear energy can be used as a basic power facility to maintain the stability of the power grid. Therefore, when the price is dominant, all thermal power generation can be replaced by renewable energy. According to the survey, large-scale thermal power plants in Japan were built earlier, and most have reached or nearly reached the design life (Xu et al, 2022). Although affected by the international situation and fluctuation of fossil-fuel energy prices, Japan may continue to rely on fossil energy.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Energy Structure For Feed-in Tariffsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference Xu et al (2022) analyzed the acceptance capacity of PV and wind power generation in four regions of Japan and explained that if the application of energy-storage technology is not conducted, the maximum import rate of renewable energy would be 25% to 60% due to the influence of the objective environment and energy consumption characteristics of the studied regions. Although some regions still hope to achieve a high renewable-energy import rate, achieving 100% renewable energy use is challenging without employing energy-storage technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential analysis of hydrogen energy technology in the power grid based on carbon tax: A case study in Japan

Qian

Gao

et al. 2022

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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Electrolytic hydrogen storage technology of renewable energy is considered as one of the important measures to realize the high proportion of renewable energy. However, developing this technology has been slow due to the cost. This study proposes highlighting the environmental advantages of renewable power combined with a carbon tax at the national level to expand the application space of hydrogen storage technology. First, the economy and technical characteristics of hydrogen storage technology and conventional energy-storage technology were compared. Then, Japan's top 10 power companies, which account for 90% of the power supply, were taken as the research objects. The proportion of change in renewable power after introducing a carbon tax was studied, taking the weighted minimum of the feed-in tariffs as the optimization objective. The contribution of hydrogen storage technology to the change in renewable power share was analyzed. Next, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on the fossil energy price and cost of renewable power equipment that affects the research. Finally, the contribution of a carbon tax and hydrogen storage technology to Japan's emission reduction target was calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the characteristics of long-distance transportation of hydrogen energy and making renewable energy have economic advantages under the current carbon tax (5–6 JPY/kg-CO2). The cost of liquified natural gas (LNG) and the investment of photovoltaic (PV) have a significant impact on the weighted minimum feed-in price, which can make the development of hydrogen storage technology no longer rely on the setting of carbon tax. The results obtained in this study provide a theoretical reference for the application of hydrogen storage technology in the high proportion of renewable energy consumption. At the same time, it can also provide data reference for large-scale construction of renewable energy in regions where solar and wind energy resources are not excellent.

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“…For example, the power generation from renewable energy technologies is inconstant because it largely depends on weather conditions, which poses a challenge to grid stability. A recent study predicted that capacity credits will be saturated when the proportion of solar and wind energy in Japan's power grids reaches 25% and 60%, respectively (Xu et al 2022). The growth potential of hydropower is very limited, as it can only increase by about 30% from the present until 2050 (Holechek et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Burial May Be a Leading Candidate for Carbon Sequestration

Xu¹

2023

Preprint

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Although several carbon sequestration methods have been proposed according to theories from various disciplines, it is not known which method is the best. This study evaluated and summarized the advantage and disadvantages of several major carbon sequestration methods, including carbon capture and sequestration, ocean alkalinization, algal cultivation, and wood burial, based on the first principles, namely, sequestration scale and time, elemental stoichiometry, and energy use efficiency. This study suggested that, at present, wood burial may be a leading candidate for carbon sequestration because it can be implemented immediately on a large scale, is cost-effective and efficient, has a long sequestration time, has low technical requirements, and has a relatively low impact on agriculture. This study also discussed the implementation of wood burial from the perspective of nutrient requirements. To achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, the present study proposed a 25-year project starting in 2025 with an average sequestration rate of 3 Pg C per year, which includes burying 1.5 Pg of dead wood carbon and the creation of 9.7 × 106 ha woodland.

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The implementation limitation of variable renewable energies and its impacts on the public power grid

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

The Strategies for Increasing Grid-Integrated Share of Renewable Energy with Energy Storage and Existing Coal Fired Power Generation in China

The Strategies for Increasing Grid-Integrated Share of Renewable Energy with Energy Storage and Existing Coal Fired Power Generation in China

Potential analysis of hydrogen energy technology in the power grid based on carbon tax: A case study in Japan

Wood Burial May Be a Leading Candidate for Carbon Sequestration

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