The IMPLEMENTATION OF MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪ‘AH IN SHAYKH YUSUF AL-QARDHAWI’S FIQH AL-AQALLIYAT

Abstract

This paper aimed to respond Muslim minorities' anxiety in the West, which deals with several dilemmatic choices of daily religious life activity. Muslim minorities are required to obey the teachings of Islam. Still, on the other hand, it contradicts with the reality of how difficult practicing Islamic teachings in Western countries according to the Islamic teachings such in Muslim-majority countries. Therefore, Shaykh Yusuf al-Qardhawi saw the need to initiate fiqh that could guide Muslim minorities in the West to continue to practice Islamic law, although in a slightly different format from prevailing teachings in Muslim-majority countries. This fiqh is popularly known as Fiqh al-Aqalliyat. As initiator, Shaykh Yusuf al-Qardhawi was very concerned about the implementation of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. This article used library research. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the implementation of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah in Shaykh Yusuf al-Qardhawi's Fiqh al-Aqalliyat can be seen from the basis of his arguments, which aims such as the basis of the proposition relying on the law. It is also based on the main source of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, the principle of paying attention to universal fiqh rules, etc. Furthermore, we can also consider his fatwas, such as the problem of overseeing the implementation of Friday prayers, the law of inheritance from non-Muslims, christmas compliment to Ahlul Kitab, and establishing Islamic institutions from zakat assets.

Telaah Atas Ijtihad Umar Bin Khaṭṭab Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Syarī'ah

“…Para ulama sepakat bahwa syariat memiliki maqāṣid mulia untuk menjaga kemaslahatan manusia di dunia dan akhirat secara bersamaan (Sahidin, 2021c). Baik kemaslahatan tersebut bersifat ḍarūriyat (primer), ḥājiyāt (sekunder) ataupun taḥsīniyāt (tersier) (Al-Ghazālī, 1993;Al-Shāṭibī, 1997; 'Āshūr, 2011).…”

Telaah Atas Fiqh Al-Aqalliyat Syekh Yusuf Al-Qardhawi

“…Dari sini nampak bahwa Syekh Yusuf al-Qardhawi menilai bahwa setiap hukum yang seakan bertentangan hendaknya dikembalikan kepada prinsip-prinsip maqashid al-syari'ah, khususnya maqashid al-Qur'an (Sahidin, 2021;295). Hal ini selaras dengan salah satu disertasi yang telah diterbitkan menjadi buku, berjudul, "Maqashid al-Syari'ah al-Islamiyyah wa Alaqatuha bi al-Adillah al-Syar'iyyah" menjelaskan bahwa maqashid alsyari'ah memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat dengan dalil-dalil syar'i baik yang disepakati maupun yang diperselisihkan (Al-Yubi, 1430;469).…”

Hukum Safar Wanita Tanpa Mahram Menurut Pandangan Para Ulama

“…Karenanya syariat ada yang bersifat konstan (tsabat) dan ada pula yang bersifat dinamis (murunah) sesuai permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat dari masa ke masa, berbeda satu tempat dengan lainnya (Al-Qardhawi, 2008). Untuk itu, perlu ijtihad para yuris berlandaskan keseimbangan dalil nash tekstual dengan maqasid syariah yang bersifat kontekstual untuk menghasilkan produk hukum baru, yang dapat dilaksanakan masyarakat (Sahidin, 2021). Produk hukum tersebut hasil reinterpretasi hukum sebelumnya tanpa menggeser ushul yang sifatnya konstan (Al-Qardhawi, 2008).…”