2017
DOI: 10.1163/15718069-22021112
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The Implementation of the Western Climate Initiative: How North American States and Provinces Lead International Climate Negotiations

Abstract: The Western Climate Initiative is internationally recognized as a success story in global climate negotiations. However, between the first expression of the idea of a cap-and-trade system in 2007 and the launch of carbon trading in 2013, the number of participating Canadian provinces and us states fell from 11 to 2, and important hurdles risked derailing the project completely. The trajectory of this innovative cross-boundary policy holds important lessons for the prospects and pitfalls of green paradiplomacy … Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…At international level, Canadian provinces have employed a wide range of policies and strategies, which may be complementary, competing, or parallel to efforts of the federal government. Some provinces have been particularly active in this regard (Chaloux et al, 2015;Chaloux, 2017b;McHugh, 2015). This climate paradiplomacy demonstrates that Canadian foreign climate policy is no longer coherent or unified, but rather fragmented and diversified (Chaloux et al, 2015).The multi-scale nature of climate change coupled with Canada's failure to assemble a coherent national climate policy highlights the relevance of understanding climate governance in Canada from an international perspective (Chaloux et al, 2015; Macdonald, 2020b).…”
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confidence: 99%
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“…At international level, Canadian provinces have employed a wide range of policies and strategies, which may be complementary, competing, or parallel to efforts of the federal government. Some provinces have been particularly active in this regard (Chaloux et al, 2015;Chaloux, 2017b;McHugh, 2015). This climate paradiplomacy demonstrates that Canadian foreign climate policy is no longer coherent or unified, but rather fragmented and diversified (Chaloux et al, 2015).The multi-scale nature of climate change coupled with Canada's failure to assemble a coherent national climate policy highlights the relevance of understanding climate governance in Canada from an international perspective (Chaloux et al, 2015; Macdonald, 2020b).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At international level, Canadian provinces have employed a wide range of policies and strategies, which may be complementary, competing, or parallel to efforts of the federal government. Some provinces have been particularly active in this regard (Chaloux et al, 2015;Chaloux, 2017b;McHugh, 2015). This climate paradiplomacy demonstrates that Canadian foreign climate policy is no longer coherent or unified, but rather fragmented and diversified (Chaloux et al, 2015).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%