The Implications of Closing Civic Space for Hunger and Poverty in the Global South

Hossain, Naomi; Oosterom, Marjoke

doi:10.1111/1758-5899.12979

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…While not focusing on outcomes per se, the dynamics discussed here could be problematic for India's continued efforts at tackling malnutrition. Restrictions on CSOs can worsen outcomes for the most marginalized groups if CSOs lobby on their behalf (Hossain & Oosterom, 2021). Indian policy‐makers are committed to the overall nutrition goals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illiberal democracy and nutrition advocacy

Resnick

Deshpande²

2023

Development Policy Review

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MotivationAcross the world, illiberal democracy is on the rise. These majoritarian polities limit individual rights and undermine protections for minorities. Civil society organizations (CSOs) that support human rights and freedom of speech and association in these settings can be repressed.PurposeHow does illiberal democracy impact CSOs that lobby for economic and human development? We examine how illiberal democracy affects organizations advocating for nutrition. Ostensibly, improved nutrition is a valence issue that does not threaten a government's hold on power. But nutrition advocacy may mean criticizing a government's policies and programmes, and hence be seen by governments as hostile.Methods and approachWe focus on India, where illiberal democracy has become more pronounced over the last decade. Structured interviews were conducted in 2021 with three dozen advocacy organizations, donors, and government stakeholders who work on nutrition policy in India. We analyse how the financing of nutrition organizations, access to policy‐making, and advocacy have been affected under the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).We divide CSOs into organizations that focus on the design of nutrition programmes, those that prioritize evidence‐based nutrition policies, and those that advocate for the food and nutrition rights of certain communities, including those who are often marginalized.FindingsNutrition advocacy organizations' access to finance has been hampered by amendments to the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA). Partisan ideology and low tolerance of policy accountability affects nutrition CSOs' access to policy debates and decision‐making. Fears about freedom of expression and its impacts on renewal of organizational registrations make the CSOs more timid in their advocacy.These changes disproportionately affect CSOs that focus on evidence and, above all, those that stand up for rights.Policy implicationsAssessments of enabling environments for nutrition policy need to consider better how partisan ideologies and political settlements exclude some groups in society. Moreover, given that illiberal democracy further weakens the value of evidence in policy‐making, donors need to consider how they present evidence and policy feedback when governments see criticism as hostile and politically motivated. Donors also need to consider what illiberal democracy implies for their efforts to support local CSOs: they should be aware that their support can sometimes undermine the legitimacy of CSOs in the eyes of national governments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illiberal democracy and nutrition advocacy

Resnick

Deshpande²

2023

Development Policy Review

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“…Beberapa studi ilmiah yang dilakukan peneliti di berbagai negara, telah menggunakan prinsip HAM dari teori pendekatan berbasis HAM untuk menganalisis kebijakan sosial yang diterapkan di masing-masing negaranya, seperti menganalisis kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan untuk rumah tangga miskin di Irlandia dan Inggris (Dowler & O'Connor, 2012); analisis terhadap kebijakan sosial terintegrasi untuk program kesehatan dan pendidikan di Afrika Selatan (Chilton & Versteeg, 2017;London & Schneider, 2012); menganalisis kebijakan sosial yang mengatur kesejahteraan pekerja dan perlakuan bebas diskriminasi di Bangladesh dan Malaysia (Crinis, 2019;(Osuji & Obibuaku, 2016); serta kebijakan sosial terkait kelaparan dan kemiskinan di Brazil, Ethiopia, Pakistan, dan Zimbabwe (Hossain & Oosterom, 2021;Plagerson et al, 2019).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Penerapan Prinsip Ham Pada Sistem Layanan Dan Rujukan Terpadu (Slrt) Di Kabupaten Bandung

Anjani,

Rusyidi,

Fedryansyah

2023

Empati

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Abstract. The implementation of SLRT must seek the application of legal, responsive, transparent, participatory, gender equality, accountable, objective, and sustainable principles. Bandung Regency is an area that has held SLRT since 2016 until now and has received Best Practice achievements from the Ministry of Social Affairs. In fact, the characteristics of the region can be a challenge for the implementation of the SLRT implementation principle. Namely, the male population is greater than the female population, the area is large and consists of lowlands and highlands, and the 69 OPDs have their own programs and target recipients. The researcher wants to know how the Bandung Regency SLRT applies the principles of its implementation by using a human rights-based approach theory. This is because there is harmony between the principles of implementing SLRT and human rights principles in the form of participation, accountability, non-discrimination and equity. Information regarding the implementation of SLRT Bandung Regency is presented using qualitative data, sourced from interviews, non-participant observation, and literature studies. The findings of the study state that the implementation of SLRT in Bandung Regency shows active community participation and differences in treatment in the delivery of services that support substantive gender equality. On the other hand, not all OPDs in Bandung Regency have succeeded in integrating their programs and program beneficiary targets with SLRT. Thus, service delivery is not fully sustainable. However, this is not a form of government reluctance, but rather due to limited resources. Keywords: Implementation of SLRT; Human Rights-Based Approach; Human Rights Principle. Abstrak. Penyelenggaraan SLRT harus mengupayakan penerapan asas legal, responsif, transparan, partisipatif, kesetaraan gender, akuntabel, objektif, dan berkelanjutan. Kabupaten Bandung merupakan daerah yang telah menyelenggarakan SLRT sejak tahun 2016 hingga saat ini dan mendapatkan prestasi Best Practice dari Kementerian Sosial. Padahal, karakteristik wilayahnya dapat menjadi tantangan diterapkannya asas penyelenggaraan SLRT. Yaitu, jumlah penduduk laki-laki yang lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan, wilayah yang luas dan terdiri atas dataran rendah dan tinggi, serta 69 OPD yang memiliki program dan sasaran penerimanya masing-masing. Peneliti ingin mengetahui bagaimana SLRT Kabupaten Bandung menerapkan asas penyelenggaraannya dengan menggunakan teori pendekatan berbasis HAM. Pasalnya, terdapat keselarasan antara asas penyelenggaraan SLRT dengan prinsip HAM berupa partisipasi, akuntabilitas, non diskriminasi dan ekuitas. Informasi mengenai penyelenggaraan SLRT Kabupaten Bandung disajikan menggunakan data kualitatif, bersumber dari kegiatan wawancara, observasi non partisipan, dan studi literatur. Hasil temuan penelitian menyatakan penyelenggaraan SLRT Kabupaten Bandung menunjukkan upaya partisipasi aktif masyarakat dan perbedaan perlakuan dalam penyelenggaraan layanan yang mendukung kesetaraan substantif gender. Di sisi lain, belum semua OPD di Kabupaten Bandung berhasil mengintegrasikan program dan sasaran penerima programnya dengan SLRT. Sehingga, penyelenggaraan layanan belum sepenuhnya berkelanjutan. Namun, hal tersebut bukan merupakan bentuk keengganan pemerintah, melainkan karena keterbatasan sumber daya. Kata kunci: Penyelenggaraan SLRT; Pendekatan Berbasis HAM; Prinsip HAM

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“…For example, Smidt, Perera andBakke (2021: 1284) find that greater restrictions reduce the number of international human rights organizations in a country because "government-imposed restrictions make it difficult for CSOs to operate and mobilize." Most studies, though, focus on how repressive laws affect other outcomes, such as bilateral aid, health and development, terrorism, or general respect for human rights (Chaudhry and Heiss 2022;Dupuy and Prakash 2018;Heinzel and Koenig-Archibugi 2022;Hossain and Oosterom 2021;Koo and Murdie 2022). What is missing, then, is a systematic, cross-national investigation that examines how restrictive civil society laws are affecting domestic NGOs themselves -the precise target of these repressive efforts.…”

Section: The Changing Role Of Ngos In the International Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Queering Repression: How the Global Crackdown on Civil Society Affects LGBT+ NGO Foundings

Baral,

Tang,

Velasco

2023

Preprint

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Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) emerged over the 20th century to become instrumental aspects of domestic civil society, globally. These organizations are associated with improving many outcomes, such as social support for minority populations outside the purview of the state like LGBT+ communities. Over time, however, a significant number of countries have enacted policies repressing civil society, generally, and LGBT+ organizations, specifically. What effects have these policies had? We address this question by utilizing an original dataset of LGBT+ NGO foundings across the Global South. Using quasi-Poisson models with two-way fixed effects, we assess how various repressive policies affect subsequent foundings of new LGBT+ NGOs between 2000 and 2017. Our results demonstrate that repressive policies surprisingly have no clear association with overall NGO foundings – even under the most extreme conditions. However, this finding masks important heterogeneity: repressive policies diminish foundings of service-oriented NGOs but boost explicit LGBT+ advocacy-oriented ones. Finally, we draw on interviews with LGBT+ NGO leaders in Singapore and Ghana, two countries that have experienced civil society restrictions, to elucidate underlying mechanisms. This longitudinal study contributes new insights into on-going threats to liberalism in the international arena by focusing on how civil society actors survive and mobilize during periods of illiberal repression.

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The Implications of Closing Civic Space for Hunger and Poverty in the Global South

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Illiberal democracy and nutrition advocacy

Illiberal democracy and nutrition advocacy

Penerapan Prinsip Ham Pada Sistem Layanan Dan Rujukan Terpadu (Slrt) Di Kabupaten Bandung

Queering Repression: How the Global Crackdown on Civil Society Affects LGBT+ NGO Foundings

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