1994
DOI: 10.1006/jhev.1994.1037
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The implications of time-averaging for reconstructing the land-use patterns of early tool-using hominids

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Cited by 129 publications
(81 citation statements)
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“…Isaac (1981) was among the first to emphasise the tendency of early African archaeological 'sites' to represent clusters or patches of material surrounded by a more widely distributed background scatter of individual artefacts -the 'scatters and patches' approach to spatial analysis (see also Isaac & Harris, 1978;Kroll, 1994;Stern, 1994). Isaac further pointed out that the clusters might not be functionally different from the scatters, simply representing the same sort of individual depositional episode repeated many times in the same place -a ' cumulative palimpsest' of more recent terminology (Bailey, 2007) -and therefore with a higher probability of achieving a threshold of archaeological visibility.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Isaac (1981) was among the first to emphasise the tendency of early African archaeological 'sites' to represent clusters or patches of material surrounded by a more widely distributed background scatter of individual artefacts -the 'scatters and patches' approach to spatial analysis (see also Isaac & Harris, 1978;Kroll, 1994;Stern, 1994). Isaac further pointed out that the clusters might not be functionally different from the scatters, simply representing the same sort of individual depositional episode repeated many times in the same place -a ' cumulative palimpsest' of more recent terminology (Bailey, 2007) -and therefore with a higher probability of achieving a threshold of archaeological visibility.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We describe our approach as landscape research, but emphasise that it differs in significant ways from the wellestablished tradition of landscape analysis commonly applied in the study of Plio-Pleistocene deposits in the African Rift (e.g., Isaac, 1977;Isaac & Harris, 1978;Bunn et al, 1980;Kroll, 1994;Stern, 1994;Blumenschine & Peters, 1998;Potts, Behrensmeyer & Ditchfield, 1999;Kingston, 2007;Blumenschine et al, 2012). For the most part, these studies have focused on stone artefacts and faunal materials in relation to their immediately surrounding sediments and surfaces at a spatial scale of hundreds of metres to kilometres, with the emphasis on localised distortions of the record by sediment accumulation and erosion, and on reconstruction of environmental features such as vegetational and palaeoclimatic indicators.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For a geoarchaeologist, however, surface deposits of artifacts are simply clasts that lie unconformably on the uppermost layer of sediment in a stratigraphic sequence. Establishing the age of the sediment deposit that forms the surface on which artifacts now rest provides a means to define the age of the "minimum archaeological stratigraphic unit" (following Stern, 1994) into which surface artifacts may be grouped. In our western NSW study areas, we use a combination of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon age estimates to build a chronology of the surface archaeological record (Holdaway et al 2002;Fanning, Holdaway, & Philipps, 2008, in press;Rhodes et al, in press).…”
Section: Determining a Chronology For Surface Artifact Depositsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When combined, the two sets of age determinations (OSL determinations from the underlying sediments and radiocarbon determinations from the heat-retainer hearths) define the "minimum stratigraphic unit" (Stern, 1994) or "envelope of time" (Fanning, 2002:211) during which the artifacts are assumed to have accumulated. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal from the remains of all the hearths within a cluster provides an indication of the time span over which that particular location was occupied.…”
Section: Determining a Chronology For Surface Artifact Depositsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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