The Implicit Association Test and sociolinguistic meaning

Campbell‐Kibler, Kathryn

doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2012.01.002

Cited by 92 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…It is hoped that the results of such research, perhaps in conjunction with the findings from research involving more explicit discourse analysis methods, would also help refine the investigation of language attitudes more broadly. Most especially, since public attitudes towards language diversity are often shaped below the level of individual consciousness or, at the very least, not always expressed by informants through direct questioning by sociolinguists (see Campbell-Kibler 2012;Kristiansen 2010;Pantos and Perkins 2013), further innovative and robust folklinguistic research investigating implicit attitudes towards language variation, for example examining the effects of newly developed priming tasks on evaluations, would seem especially worthwhile. It would also, for instance, be useful to develop language attitude instruments which can uncover which specific linguistic features influence implicit attitudes towards particular varieties.…”

Section: Explicit Attitudes: Direct Questioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

UK university students’ folk perceptions of spoken variation in English: the role of explicit and implicit attitudes

McKenzie

2015

International Journal of the Sociology of Language

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Non-linguists' attitudes towards language diversity are important since they reflect preferences and levels of prestige associated with particular speech communities. However, few studies measuring native-speaker attitudes towards both L1 and L2 English have been conducted, including amongst UK-born students. This is surprising in light of recent internationalisation policies adopted by many UK universities and the resultant increase in overseas students. The present study utilises implicit and explicit attitude measures to investigate 194 students' perceptions of six English speech varieties. The results demonstrated that whilst explicit attitudes towards linguistic variation were generally favourable, when presented with speech samples, listeners' implicit evaluations of UK English varieties were significantly more positive, on both status and solidarity dimensions, when compared to forms of Asian English. The findings are discussed in relation to the internationalisation agenda within UK universities and the methodological investigation into the relationship between explicit and implicit attitudes towards language variation.

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Section: Explicit Attitudes: Direct Questioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

UK university students’ folk perceptions of spoken variation in English: the role of explicit and implicit attitudes

McKenzie

2015

International Journal of the Sociology of Language

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“…We then discuss the role of different processing styles in determining listener evaluations. Following Dailey-o'Cain (2000), we hypothesized that the presence of like would be judged as friendlier and less intelligent than its absence. Counter to our expectations, DMl produced significant effects of comparable magnitude and direction for both traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in light of Dailey-o'Cain's (2000) study, we expected the presence of like to be judged as friendlier and less intelligent than its absence. Though Dailey-o'Cain studied focuser like and the current study analyses DMl (a subcategory of focuser like) for reasons discussed below, we predicted the same overall effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Thus, like, in general, is consistently associated with negative ideologies (Dailey-o'Cain 2000;Buchstaller 2006;D'Arcy 2007). D 'Arcy (2007, 388), for instance, noted that like was viewed as "an exasperating tic […] that makes those who use it seem less educated, intelligent, or interesting."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though these claims are largely unsupported in sociolinguistic production studies (levey 2006; D'Arcy 2007), they point to culturally salient beliefs that may operate in listeners' perceptions of DMl. Dailey-o'Cain (2000) fielded a matched-guise task investigating evaluations of focuser like (Underhill 1988)-a superset encompassing both discourse marker like (e.g., Like what do you mean? ; Dailey-o'Cain 2000) and discourse particle like (e.g., Do we have to read like the chapters covered on the midterm for the final?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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DISCOURSE MARKER LIKE IN REAL Time: CHARACTERIZING THE Time-Course OF SOCIOLINGUISTIC IMPRESSION FORMATION

Hesson¹,

Shellgren²

2015

American Speech

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Discourse marker like (DMl) is recognized as a highly stigmatized feature of American english, one with strong ideological ties to inarticulate, "Valley girl" speech. Previous work suggests that individual listeners form impressions that both reference and perpetuate DMl's status, as DMl-containing speech is judged as friendlier and less intelligent than controls. Though informative, such studies cannot speak to the magnitude and/or stability of DMl-based impressions nor to the potential interactions between said effects and individual processing styles. The current study continuously measures real-time listener evaluations of speech samples differing only by a single use of DMl using a dynamic motion-capture interface. it also integrates a measure of participants' social interaction preferences and cognitive flexibility, thus assessing the influence of individual differences on participants' moment-by-moment impression formation. our results indicate that DMl has an initial negative effect on both friendliness and intelligence ratings. While the "unfriendly" perception is relatively transient, the "unintelligent" evaluation persists and intensifies over time. individuals with relatively high levels of social aptitude and/or cognitive flexibility are largely responsible for these trends. Collectively, these results offer a preliminary characterization of the sociocognitive interplay between individual, interpersonal, and societal influences on attitude formation.

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What's in an accent? General spontaneous biases against nonnative accents: An investigation with conceptual and auditory IATs

Roessel

Schoel

Stahlberg

2017

Euro J Social Psych

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Nonnative accents are prevalent in our globalized world and constitute highly salient cues in social perception. Whereas previous literature has commonly assumed that they cue specific social group stereotypes, we propose that nonnative accents generally trigger spontaneous negatively biased associations (due to a general nonnative accent category and perceptual influences). Accordingly, Study 1 demonstrates negative biases with conceptual IATs, targeting the general concepts of accent versus native speech, on the dimensions affect, trust, and competence, but not on sociability. Study 2 attests to negative, largely enhanced biases on all dimensions with auditory IATs comprising matched native–nonnative speaker pairs for four accent types. Biases emerged irrespective of the accent types that differed in attractiveness, recognizability of origin, and origin‐linked national associations. Study 3 replicates general IAT biases with an affect IAT and a conventional evaluative IAT. These findings corroborate our hypotheses and assist in understanding general negativity toward nonnative accents.

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The Implicit Association Test and sociolinguistic meaning

Cited by 92 publications

References 51 publications

UK university students’ folk perceptions of spoken variation in English: the role of explicit and implicit attitudes

UK university students’ folk perceptions of spoken variation in English: the role of explicit and implicit attitudes

DISCOURSE MARKER LIKE IN REAL Time: CHARACTERIZING THE Time-Course OF SOCIOLINGUISTIC IMPRESSION FORMATION

What's in an accent? General spontaneous biases against nonnative accents: An investigation with conceptual and auditory IATs

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