The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure As a Measure of Self-Esteem

Timko, C. Alix; England, Erica L.; Herbert, James D.; Forman, Evan M.

doi:10.1007/bf03395739

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Evidence for discriminant validity may further be inferred from studies that have shown differential effects of an intervention on IRAP versus explicit measures of the same target (Cullen et al, 2009;Hooper et al, 2010;Scheel, Fischer, McMahon, Mena, & Wolf, 2011 Two further articles report significant correlations between IRAP and explicit indices of the same targets Timko, England, Herbert, & Forman, 2010). However, these studies examined many relationships (e.g., 100 correlations across two studies in Timko et al, 2010) without adjusting for multiple testing and findings could partially reflect an inflated Type I error-rate.…”

Section: Experimental Experimental Validity Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Criterion validity refers to how strongly IRAP scores are related to other behaviours and psychological attributes. Two further articles report significant correlations between IRAP and explicit indices of the same targets Timko, England, Herbert, & Forman, 2010). However, these studies examined many relationships (e.g., 100 correlations across two studies in Timko et al, 2010) without adjusting for multiple testing and findings could partially reflect an inflated Type I error-rate.…”

Section: Experimental Experimental Validity Is Evident When Manipulamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another sense, the IRAP is a measurement procedure with variable stimulus-sets -and different stimulus-sets have been applied to study similar relations (e.g., Timko et al, 2010;Vahey et al, 2009). This flexibility is a strength of the IRAP but may also limit research consistency.…”

Section: Limitations Of Irap Research So Farmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure: Emerging reliability and validity data

Moghaddam

Hart

Dawson

2013

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

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The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) is a measure of 'implicit cognition' developed on the basis of a contemporary behavioural analysis of language and cognition. The IRAP has now been applied to a range of foci over five years of published research. A frequently-cited caveat in publications to date is the need for further research to gauge the reliability and validity of the IRAP as an implicit measure. This review paper will provide a critical synthesis of available evidence for reliability and validity. The review applies a multifaceted test-theory approach to validity, and reliability is assessed through meta-analysis of published data. The discussion critically considers reviewed IRAP evidence with reference to the extant literature on alternative implicit measures, limitations of studies to date, and consideration of broader conceptual issues.Keywords: Implicit; Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure; Relational Frame Theory; validity; reliability Over the last two decades increasing attention has been given to the concept of 'implicit cognition' within psychological research (Greenwald et al., 2002). Although there remains a lack of consensus regarding the definition and operationalisation of this concept, reflecting broader differences in the theoretical and epistemological orientation of researchers in this area, a number of measures of 'implicit cognition' have been developed. The most commonly used and extensively discussed of these measures is the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). The IAT was designed to measure the relative strength of pairs of associations (e.g., insects-disgust vs. flowers-disgust) in a computerised categorisation task. As an example, relatively rapid responding to insects-disgust (in comparison with flowers-disgust) would be considered indicative that insects and disgust are more strongly associated in memory.Much of the evidence-base for implicit cognition has been developed through applications of the IAT and this measure has formed a prototype for subsequent developments in implicit measurement (Nosek, Hawkins, & Frazier, 2011). Most implicit measures have thus been designed to target a basic association between stimulus-pairs under conditions of time pressure. This operationalisation promotes the assumption that implicit cognition reflects the activation of an underlying associative-memory network -an assumption that is evinced in the representational models outlined by key researchers in the cognitively-aligned fields. However, it is important to distinguish the associative procedures of implicit measures from inferences about underlying processes or representations (Hughes, Barnes-Holmes, & De Houwer, 2010). The Implicit Relational Assessment ProcedureThe Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP; Barnes-Holmes et al., 2006) represents an alternative measure of implicit responding, developed from the perspective of From an RFT perspective it is not the extent to which two stimuli are 'associated in memory' that is...

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Section: Experimental Experimental Validity Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Experimental Validity Is Evident When Manipulamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure: Emerging reliability and validity data

Moghaddam

Hart

Dawson

2013

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

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“…Additionally, we aimed at usefulness of a relatively new latency-based measure of ISE. The analysis concerning trial type scores showed that positivity bias, typical of ESE but also frequently observed in ISE assessed using various measures (Bosson et al, 2000;Greenwald & Farnham, 2000;Gregg & Sedikides, 2010;Timko, England, Herbert, & Forman, 2010), was present for three trial type scores (Self-Positive, Self-not Positive, Self-not Negative) but was not present in the case of self-negative scores (when the participants responded consistently with the rule assuming the possession of negative traits). In other words, responses of the participants, regardless of their level of narcissism, do not indicate a clear rejection of negative traits ascribed to the self.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Narcissism and self-esteem revisited: The relationships between the subscales of the NPI and explicit/implicit self-esteem

Pilch¹,

Hyla²

2017

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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The results of the previous research which tried to investigate links between self-esteem and narcissism in search of the source of narcissistic fragility are not consistent. The aim of the study was to contribute to the understanding of this complex relation by assessing relationships between the four facets of grandiose narcissism measured by the NPI and the two kinds of self-esteem i.e. explicit (ESE) and implicit (ISE), and by comparing the results with theoretical models. The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, a more recent measure based on response latency, was used to assess ISE. The analysis confirms the reports on NPI heterogeneity. Different relationships between the particular facets of narcissism and ESE/ISE were observed. These differences indicate that composite measures of narcissism and ISE do not reflect the entire complexity of the phenomena. The results provide support for the two theoretical models i.e. the global marker model and the mask model.

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“…The best way to gain self-confidence is to look deep inside of yourself and believe that you have the ability to overcome all obstacles and challenges that you are faced with, on a daily bases, because our self-esteem is one of the few things that we have control over. (Timko, 2010(Timko, : 2113 Self-confidence is something that cannot be taught. It is up to the individual to decide how much belief that they possess inside of themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Confidence in Henry Fielding’s Novel Tom Jones

Sunardi¹,

Sitepu²,

Sahri³

2017

LANGLIT

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Self-confidence is the core point of this research. Self confidence is a feeling that makes people think that they will do better after their efforts, a feeling that they can know more over time, a feeling that they can change themselves to adapt to the environment.There are three points of discussion under the topic. The first is self-confidence in facing family problem. There is no family without a problem and every single problem could be settled by means of self-confidence. This is followed by self-confidence in love as the second point. Love is a universal nuance that comes to everybody’s uplifting or crushing the person concerned and again by self-confidence love becomes a ladder to betterment in life. The third is self confidence in self-identity. A man will never be considered a man unless he has self-identity, which may appear in various forms, one of which is social standing. The main theory of self-confidence in taken from Brown stating that confidence is the belief that one will perform in a correct proper effective way. This research is conducted with descriptive qualitative method proposed by Krathwohl (1998), exploring social issues to be an epitome of guidelines. The results show that the protagonist has a strong self-confidence in facing family problem, love and self-identity. He faces a lot of problems in his family and this happens because he is an adopted child. However, through his strong self-confidence he could settle all the obstacles nicely and finally his self-confidence gives comfort to him. Key words: confidence, family, love, identity.

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The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure As a Measure of Self-Esteem

Abstract: Two studies were conducted to pilot the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP)

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure: Emerging reliability and validity data

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure: Emerging reliability and validity data

Narcissism and self-esteem revisited: The relationships between the subscales of the NPI and explicit/implicit self-esteem

Self-Confidence in Henry Fielding’s Novel Tom Jones

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