The importance and use of stem cells in dermatology

Abstract

Przegląd Dermatologiczny 2016/4 309 StreSzczenie Komórki macierzyste są zdolne do samoodnawiania własnej populacji i różnicowania się w komórki wyspecjalizowane. W skórze są zlokalizowane w tzw. niszach: 1) interfollicular stem cells -odpowiedzialne za regenerację naskórka po urazach, 2) w mieszku włosowym -follicular stem cells ("wybrzuszenie") oraz mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste w torebce włóknistej i brodawce włosa, 3) w naczyniach krwionośnych, pochodzenia mezodermalnego, dają początek fibroblastom i miofibroblastom, 4) komórki macierzyste melanocytów. Terapie z wykorzystaniem komórek macierzystych w chorobach skóry nadal są eksperymentalne, ale prowadzi się intensywne badania nad ich wykorzystaniem w leczeniu dystroficznej odmiany pęcherzowego oddzielania się naskórka, tocznia rumieniowatego układowego, bielactwa, różnych typów łysienia, a także owrzodzeń i trudno gojących się ran. Komór-ki macierzyste dzięki plastyczności i zdolności do różnicowania się w inne wyspecjalizowane komórki umożliwiły stworzenie medycyny regeneracyjnej. AbStrActStem cells are capable of self-renewal of their population and differentiation into specialized cells. There are several "niches" in the skin: 1) interfollicular stem cells -responsible for skin regeneration after injury; 2) in the hair follicle as follicular stem cells ("bulge") and mesenchymal stem cells in the hair bulb and follicular papilla; 3) stem cells of mesodermal origin associated with blood vessels, giving rise to fibroblasts and myofibroblasts; and 4) melanocyte stem cells. Treatment with stem cells of skin diseases is still considered experimental. Intensive research is being carried out on their use in treating dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, systemic lupus erythematosus, vitiligo, different types of alopecia and ulcers and slow-healing wounds. Stem cells due to their flexibility and ability to differentiate into other specialized cells create the possibility for regenerative medicine.

Therapeutic effects of stem cells in different body systems, a novel method that is yet to gain trust: A comprehensive review

“…The skin is composed of several populations of stem-cells such as EDSCs, HFSCs, and dermal mesenchymal stem cells [ 404 , 405 ]. Moreover, the outer root sheath of the hair follicles is an undeniable source of melanocytes stem cells (MelSCs) [ 404 ].…”

“…The skin is composed of several populations of stem-cells such as EDSCs, HFSCs, and dermal mesenchymal stem cells [ 404 , 405 ]. Moreover, the outer root sheath of the hair follicles is an undeniable source of melanocytes stem cells (MelSCs) [ 404 ]. Subsequently, the idea of reactivating these cells has been the fundamentals of some available treatments, including phototherapy.…”

“…Subsequently, the idea of reactivating these cells has been the fundamentals of some available treatments, including phototherapy. The MelSCs have been shown to be effective in the recovery of vitiligo, as they can initiate repigmentation, and some therapeutic approaches such as tacrolimus prescription, phototherapy, and dermabrasion help the condition to be cured by reactivation of MelSCs [ 404 ]. Recently, autologous transplantation has been used for treatment of vitiligo, whereas, it is relied on MelSCs which are difficult to be cultured and amplified, in vitro [ 403 ].…”

The Use of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Selected Skin Diseases (Vitiligo, Alopecia, and Nonhealing Wounds)

“…From 300 ml of adipose tissue, 2-3 × 10 8 ADSCs can be obtained. This is between 100 and 1000 times more than the mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow [ 1 – 4 ]. In addition, they can be easily obtained with no ethical dilemmas pertaining to their use [ 5 , 6 ].…”