The Importance of AFP in Liver Transplantation for HCC

Özdemir, Fatih; Başkıran, Adil

doi:10.1007/s12029-020-00486-w

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Although AFP has previously been interpreted as a simple biomarker of HCC, it appears to have many more functions than that [156] . AFP levels are used in diagnosing and prognosticating HCC [157] . AFP exerts tolerogenic and immunosuppressive mechanisms that enable tumor progression.…”

Section: Promotion Of Immune Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma

Wang¹,

Lee²,

Sarkar³

et al. 2021

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Section: Promotion Of Immune Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma

Wang¹,

Lee²,

Sarkar³

et al. 2021

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“…When engineering T-cell based immune cell therapies targeting HCC, identification of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) that can allow for appropriately mediated immune response is critical. AFP is a glycoprotein composed of 591 amino acids, identified as the first oncofetal biomarker for patients with HCC allowing for quantitative estimation of tumor burden and response to therapy[ 41 ]. Elevated levels of AFP have been found in approximately 70% of patients diagnosed with HCC, however elevations can also be found in other pathological conditions including cirrhosis, various hepatic disorders, germ cell tumors, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer[ 42 ].…”

Section: Beyond Checkpoint Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular based treatment modalities for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Damiris¹,

Abbad²,

Pyrsopoulos³

2021

WJCO

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and is unfortunately associated with an overall poor prognosis and high mortality. Early and intermediate stages of HCC allow for treatment with surgical resection, ablation and even liver transplantation, however disease progression warrants conventional systemic therapy. For years treatment options were limited to molecular-targeting medications, of which sorafenib remains the standard of care. The recent development and success of immune checkpoint inhibitors has proven to be a breakthrough in the treatment of HCC, but there is an urgent need for the development of further novel therapeutic treatments that prolong overall survival and minimize recurrence. Current investigation is focused on adoptive cell therapy including chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-T cells), T cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte cells, which have shown remarkable success in the treatment of hematological and solid tumor malignancies. In this review we briefly introduce readers to the currently approved systemic treatment options and present clinical and experimental evidence of HCC immunotherapeutic treatments that will hopefully one day allow for revolutionary change in the treatment modalities used for unresectable HCC. We also provide an up-to-date compilation of ongoing clinical trials investigating CAR-T cells, TCR engineered T cells, cancer vaccines and oncolytic viruses, while discussing strategies that can help overcome commonly faced challenges when utilizing cellular based treatments.

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“…Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used in clinical practice and its combination with imaging-based has refined the selection of candidates for LT [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, AFP has important limitations: 30-40% of HCCs do not elevate AFP, false positives may occur in acute and chronic hepatitis from different etiologies [12], and its optimal threshold has not been established [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clearance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Surgical Resection or Liver Transplantation

Amado

González-Rubio

Zamora

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Background: In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a complete clearance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) early after liver transplantation (LT) or surgical resection (LR) could prevent tumor recurrence. Methods: prospective pilot study including patients with HCC who underwent LR or LT from September 2017 to May 2020. Enumeration of CTCs was performed in peripheral blood samples (7 mL) using the Isoflux® system (Fluxion Biosciences) immediately before surgery, at post-operative day 5 and at day 30. A clinically relevant number of CTCs was defined as >30 CTCs/sample. Results: 41 HCC patients were included (mean age 58.7 ± 6.3; 82.9% male). LR was performed in 10 patients (24.4%) and 31 patients (75.6%) underwent LT. The main etiology of liver disease was chronic hepatitis C (31.7%). Patients undergoing LR and LT were similar in terms of preoperative CTC count (p = 0.99), but clearance of CTCs within the first month was more pronounced in the LT group. Clusters of CTCs at baseline were associated with incomplete clearance of CTCs at day 30 (54.2% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.005), which in turn impacted negatively on survival (p = 0.038). Conclusion: Incomplete clearance of CTCs after surgery could be a surrogate marker of HCC aggressiveness.

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The Importance of AFP in Liver Transplantation for HCC

Cited by 42 publications

References 53 publications

Immunological characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma

Immunological characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma

Cellular based treatment modalities for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Clearance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Surgical Resection or Liver Transplantation

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