The importance of and difficulties involved in creating molecular probes for a carbon monoxide gasotransmitter

Liu, Huanying; Liu, Ting; Qin, Q.; Li, Bingyu; Li, Fasheng; Zhang, Boyu; Sun, Wei

doi:10.1039/d3an00849e

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2023

DOI: 10.1039/d3an00849e

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The importance of and difficulties involved in creating molecular probes for a carbon monoxide gasotransmitter

Huanying Liu

Ting Liu

Q. Qin

et al.

Abstract: As one of the triumvirate of recognized gasotransmitter molecules, namely NO, H2S, and CO, the physiological effects and potential as a biomarker of CO have been widely investigated, garnering particular...

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 155 publications

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Recent Progress in CO Detection Probes Based on Different Fluorophores

Fang,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Analysis & Sensing

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Carbon monoxide (CO), a simple and well‐known toxic gas, is a naturally occurring gaseous transmitter that plays a crucial role in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes in living organisms. Usually, the development of various diseases can lead to the dysregulation of CO levels. Interestingly, CO has been shown to exert therapeutic effects in inflammation‐related disease models. Fluorescent probes for CO detection have become a vital research field in the past decades owing to their advantages of excellent selectivity, exceptional sensitivity, and real‐time in situ detection, which have been employed for the precise detection of CO in cells, tissues, and even living organisms. This paper reviews research advancements in CO fluorescent probes over the last decade, outlines the design concepts and detection mechanisms of relevant fluorescent probes, and provides design guidelines and future development prospects.

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Recent Progress in CO Detection Probes Based on Different Fluorophores

Fang,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Analysis & Sensing

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A Tale of Two Cities in Fluorescent Sensing of Carbon Monoxide: Probes That Detect CO and Those That Detect Only Chemically Reactive CO Donors (CORMs), but Not CO

Liu,

Yang,

Wang

2024

J. Org. Chem.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is endogenously produced with a range of pharmacological activities. Sensitive and selective detection of CO is critical to studying its biology. Since the first report of a CO fluorescent probe in 2012, more than 100 papers on this topic have appeared. Noteworthy in such work is the widespread use of two commercially available ruthenium−carbonyl complexes (CORM-2 and CORM-3) as CO surrogates. Unfortunately, these two CORMs are chemically very reactive and preferentially release CO 2 but not CO, unless in the presence of a nucleophile. As a result, there are "two tales" of the reported CO probes: those that detect CO and those that detect only the CORM used but not CO. In addition, because of their lack of reliable CO production and fast degradation in an aqueous solution, there is the question of what "detecting CORM-2 or CORM-3" really means in the context of CO research. Additionally, for applying fluorescent CO probes in detecting low levels (often nanomolar) of CO in vivo, fast reaction kinetics is a prerequisite for meaningful results. In this Perspective, we discuss in detail these issues with the understanding of the evolutionary nature of scientific discoveries and the aim of preventing further confusion.

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The importance of and difficulties involved in creating molecular probes for a carbon monoxide gasotransmitter

Abstract: As one of the triumvirate of recognized gasotransmitter molecules, namely NO, H2S, and CO, the physiological effects and potential as a biomarker of CO have been widely investigated, garnering particular...

Cited by 2 publications

References 155 publications

Recent Progress in CO Detection Probes Based on Different Fluorophores

Recent Progress in CO Detection Probes Based on Different Fluorophores

A Tale of Two Cities in Fluorescent Sensing of Carbon Monoxide: Probes That Detect CO and Those That Detect Only Chemically Reactive CO Donors (CORMs), but Not CO

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