The Importance of Bacterial Superantigens Produced by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis Using Povidone-Iodine

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is frequently associated with intestinal and cervical lesions. Staphylococcus aureus produces many kinds of toxins, the bacterial superantigens. The detection rate of toxins was 80.1% from 196 S. aureus strains. Neurological examinations revealed abnormalities in 59 out of 81 AD patients. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 46 patients randomly and showed abnormal findings in 38 of these patients. In 23 patients who underwent MRI and duodenal biopsy, 3 were found to be normal neurologically and 2 patients showed normal duodenal tissue. However, 18 patients had abnormal findings both on neurological examination and in duodenal tissue. Serial duodenal biopsy tests were performed in 10 AD patients. In 5 patients, the findings of chronic duodenitis disappeared after the therapy with povidone-iodine. These data indicate that the therapy was effective not only for the skin lesions, but improved gastrointestinal tract lesions and cervical myelopathy, by eradicating bacterial superantigens.

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“…AD is frequently associated with intestinal and cervical lesions. We had already reported that we experienced new patients with AD and neurological examinations revealed abnormalities in 59 out of 81 AD patients [9]. In 23 AD patients who underwent neurological examination and duodenal biopsy, 18 patients showed abnormal findings both on neurological examination and in duodenal biopsy [9].…”

“…We had already reported that we experienced new patients with AD and neurological examinations revealed abnormalities in 59 out of 81 AD patients [9]. In 23 AD patients who underwent neurological examination and duodenal biopsy, 18 patients showed abnormal findings both on neurological examination and in duodenal biopsy [9]. We had experienced that servical MRI was performed in 46 patients randomly and showed abnormal findings in 38 of these patients [9].…”

“…In 23 AD patients who underwent neurological examination and duodenal biopsy, 18 patients showed abnormal findings both on neurological examination and in duodenal biopsy [9]. We had experienced that servical MRI was performed in 46 patients randomly and showed abnormal findings in 38 of these patients [9]. As announced in the Journal of the up to now, there are some papers up to 2006 [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Bullous Pemphigoid in a Patient with Netherton’s Syndrome

“…The susceptibility to infection may be attributed in part to the lack of an anti-inflammatory and/or an- timicrobial effect locally due to LEKTI deficiency [3] , as well as a skin barrier defect [4] . The patient presented here has suffered from recurrent colonization of the nasal cavities and repeated skin infections by S. aureus throughout her life, and it therefore seems feasible that S. aureus exotoxins might act as superantigens, facilitating the triggering of BP [15][16][17] . However, we have not observed a clear-cut chronological link between the presence of S. aureus in the nasal cavities, or skin colonization by S. aureus, and the subsequent skin flares of BP.…”

Environmental Stress and Atopic Dermatitis: Cure with Steroid-Free Treatment and Mutual Trust in a Good Life Style

“…7) Thus, eradication of bacteria is effective in the treatment of AD. 8) Third cause is environmental stress. Since responsiveness of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis is altered in patients with AD, various things in environment are stressful to them.…”