“…), individualized civic acts (voting and obeying laws), and limited symbols of patriotism (the pledge of allegiance) (Barton & Levstik, 2004;Journell, 2010;Westheimer, 2015). The overemphasis on individualism, simplistic patriotism, and character education within the social studies classroom overlooks the role of power, solidarity, and the building of coalitions in American political life (Haste & Bermudez, 2017;Liu, 2018;Magill & Rodriguez, 2021). Rather than being taught that "actual civic engagement takes place in a variety of social scenarios, [by] addressing multiple issues, and through a range of different means," classroom contexts tend to communicate to students that civic actors operate within the bounds of predetermined norms (e.g., knowledge of political institutions) (Haste & Bermudez, 2017, pp.…”