The Importance of Correct Norms in Blood Volume Measurement

Feldschuh, Joseph; Katz, Stuart D.

doi:10.1097/maj.0b013e318063c707

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…), and a dynamic spoiled axial T1w GRE sequence with 75 acquisitions (each 3.9 s) ( several slices of the prostate. In routine clinical examinations, interindividual variations in blood volume are taken into account by adjusting the contrast medium dose to the patient's weight [34]. Creatinine levels and the calculated glomerular filtration rate (e.g., using the Cockcroft-Gault formula) should be determined routinely to rule out excessively reduced renal elimination.…”

Section: Arterial Input Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and pharmacokinetic models in prostate cancer

2010

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Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI enables noninvasive analysis of prostate vascularization as well as tumour angiogenesis and capillary permeability characteristics in prostate cancers. Pharmacokinetic models summarizing the complex information provided by signal intensity-time curves for a few quantitative pharmacokinetic parameters are increasingly being used in the routine clinical setting. This review consists of two parts. The first part discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the MR pulse sequences that can be used for performing DCE-MRI and also of the most widely used pharmacokinetic parameters and models and the parameters they describe. The second part outlines the range of current and potential future clinical applications of DCE-MRI and pharmacokinetic parametric maps in patients with prostate cancer, with reference to the current scientific literature on the topic. The potential clinical applications of DCE-MRI for prostate cancer include detection, localization, and staging, differentiation of recurrent cancer and estimation of the patient's prognosis, as well as monitoring of treatment response.

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Section: Arterial Input Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and pharmacokinetic models in prostate cancer

2010

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“…To address this, the International Council on Standardization in Hematology have published a recommendation [35] on the interpretation of red cell mass and PV measurements and established prediction formulae based on body surface area for red cell mass. In general, 98–99% of measurements calculated using these formulae are within 25% of the predicted norm [31, 33]. One such formula is that described by Nadler et al [20] using body surface area, where: total BV = (0.3669 × height (m)3) + (0.03219 × weight (kg)) + 0.6041 for males, and (0.3561 × height (m)3) + (0.03308 × weight (kg)) + 0.1833 for females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research radioisotope measurements, using the indicator dilution technique have traditionally been considered the gold standard for BV and PV assessment [22, 29-32], but they are cumbersome and expensive, especially at the bedside. An FDA-approved BV measurement system (Daxor, BVA-100) has commercialized the RISA technique and utilized comparisons to the ideal BV weight method [33]. This technique uses I 131 labeled albumin, requires multiple blood draws, is expensive, and only one BV determination is possible per injection of radioactive albumin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Fluorescent Clinical Method to Rapidly Quantify Plasma Volume

Molitoris¹,

George²,

Murray³

et al. 2019

Cardiorenal Med

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Objectives: To determine the performance of a rapid fluorescent indicator technique for measuring plasma volume (PV). Methods: This was an open-label, observational evaluation of a two-component intravenous visible fluorescent dye technique to rapidly measure PV in 16 healthy subjects and 16 subjects with chronic kidney disease (8 stage 3 and 8 stage 4 CKD), at 2 clinical research sites. The method consisted of a single intravenous injection of 12 mg of a large 150-kDa carboxy-methyl dextran conjugated to a fluorescent rhodamine-derived dye as the PV marker (PVM), and 35 mg of a small 5-kDa carboxy-methyl dextran conjugated to fluorescein, the renal clearance marker. Dye concentrations were quantified 15 min after the injections for initial PV measurements using the indicator-dilution principle. Additional samples were taken over 8 h to evaluate the stability of the PVM as a determinant of PV. Blood volumes (BV) were calculated based on PV and the subject’s hematocrit. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the plasma concentration data taken over several days using noncompartmental methods (Phoenix WinNonlin®). Linear correlation and Bland-Altman plots were used to compare visible fluorescent injectate-measured PV compared to Nadler’s formula for estimating PV. Finally, 8 healthy subjects received 350 mL infusion of a 5% albumin solution in normal saline over 30 min and a repeat PV determination was then carried out. Results: PV and BV varied according to weight and body surface area, with PV ranging from 2,115 to 6,234 mL and 28.6 to 41.9 mL/kg when weight adjusted. Both parameters were stable for > 6 h with repeated plasma measurements of the PVM. There was no difference between healthy subjects and CKD subjects. Overall, there was general agreement with Nadler’s estimation formula for the mean PV in subjects. A 24-h repeat dose measurement in 8 healthy subjects showed PV variability of 98 ± 121 mL (mean = 3.8%). Additionally, following an intravenous bolus of 350 mL of a 5% albumin solution in normal saline in 8 healthy subjects, the mean (SD) measured increase in PV was 356 (±50.0) mL post-infusion. There were no serious adverse events reported during the study. Conclusions: This minimally invasive fluorescent dye approach safely allowed for rapid, accurate, and reproducible determination of PV, BV, and dynamic monitoring of changes following fluid administration.

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“…tHb, HV, VO 2 were normalised for body weight for subsequent calculations. Although body surface area (BSA) and fat free mass (FFM) are better anthropometrical references for tHb and cardiac measures compared with body Table 1 Anthropometrical and physiological parameters, total haemoglobin mass (tHb), estimated oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak) and cardiac measures in endurance-trained able-bodied athletes ("TRAINED"), paraplegic athletes ("SCI-TRAINED") and in sedentary-disabled persons ("SCI-UNTRAINED") weight (Feldschuh and Katz 2007;Pearson et al 1995), there is no validated method to calculate these for spinal cord injured subjects (Bulbulian et al 1987).…”

Section: Anthropometrical Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total haemoglobin mass but not cardiac volume adapts to long-term endurance exercise in highly trained spinal cord injured athletes

et al. 2009

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The oxygen transport system is an important component in the limitation of endurance performance in able-bodied and paraplegic athletes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the total haemoglobin mass (tHb, carbon monoxide rebreathing method) and cardiac volume (HV, echocardiography) in 25 highly endurance trained male spinal cord injured (mainly paraplegic) athletes (SCI-TRAINED) and to compare the results with those of 10 untrained spinal cord injured controls (SCI-UNTRAINED) and in 25 able-bodied elite endurance athletes (TRAINED). tHb and tHb/kg were higher in SCI-TRAINED than in SCI-UNTRAINED (748 +/- 110 vs. 629 +/- 209 g (464 +/- 68 vs. 390 +/- 130 mmol) (mean +/- SD), P = 0.02 and 10.3 +/- 1.3 vs. 7.9 +/- 2.0 g/kg (6.4 +/- 0.8 vs. 4.9 +/- 1.2 mmol/kg), P < 0.0001), while HV and HV/kg showed no significant differences between the two groups (765 +/- 93 vs. 793 +/- 164 ml and 10.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 10.3 +/- 2.5 ml/kg). No difference between SCI-TRAINED and TRAINED was found for septal diameter (9.5 +/- 1.0 mm vs. 9.7 +/- 0.7 mm). However, tHb and tHb/kg in SCI-TRAINED was lower than in TRAINED [896 +/- 123 g (556 +/- 76 mmol), P = 0.0003 and 12.6 +/- 1.3 g/kg (7.8 +/- 0.8 mmol), P < 0.0001]. In spinal cord injured athletes, tHb but not HV adapts moderately to chronic endurance exercise, although tHb in spinal cord injured athletes does not reach the level of able-bodied-trained persons.

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The Importance of Correct Norms in Blood Volume Measurement

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and pharmacokinetic models in prostate cancer

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and pharmacokinetic models in prostate cancer

A Novel Fluorescent Clinical Method to Rapidly Quantify Plasma Volume

Total haemoglobin mass but not cardiac volume adapts to long-term endurance exercise in highly trained spinal cord injured athletes

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