The importance of dissolved salts to the in vivo efficacy of antifreeze proteins

Structural characteristics of a novel antifreeze protein from the longhorn beetle Rhagium inquisitor

“…Salts have been shown to enhance antifreeze activity (Li et al, 1998c;Evans et al, 2007;Kristiansen et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2009). Kristiansen et al (2008) showed that the ranking of salts as enhancers of antifreeze activity of RiAFP corresponded to the Hofmeister series, the ranking of salts according to their ability to lower protein solubility.…”

Synthetic insect antifreeze peptides modify ice crystal growth habit

“…2), thereby increasing their TH activities by blocking larger surface areas of ice. Evans et al 29 and Amornwittawat et al…”

“…Certain proteins and small molecules are known to enhance the activity of native AFPs. 13,[26][27][28][29] These enhancers are believed to bind to the AFPs to form larger protein complexes (Fig. 2), thereby increasing their TH activities by blocking larger surface areas of ice.…”

Modulation of antifreeze activity and the effect upon post-thaw HepG2 cell viability after cryopreservation

“…2), whereas it was reported to be $0.49°C in Tris buffer [60]. It has been reported that TH gaps of AF(G)Ps can vary and are dependent upon the solution the protein is dissolved in [24,47,52]. For instance, the TH gap of LpAFP (5 mg/mL) in pure water has been reported as 0.1°C and 0.45°C in 30% sucrose solution [64].…”