The importance of distinguishing between demonstrating the efficacy and implementation of phytosanitary systems approaches

Klinken, Rieks D. van; Fiedler, Kathryn; Kingham, L.; Barbour, Darryl

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105287

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Optimal surveillance design will depend on the purpose of the surveillance. Site-based surveillance can be used to support market access by giving confidence that the site is pest-free or has acceptably low pest numbers (low pest prevalence), possibly as part of a systems approach (van Klinken et al 2020). In the latter case a nonzero threshold (pests/trap/week) may be acceptable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Site-based surveillance of quarantine pests using lures is frequently used to support market access by providing confidence that the pest is rare or absent within the registered site ( van Klinken et al 2021 , 2023 ). To be an effective measure, surveillance needs to be able to detect both pests that may already be present within the registered site, and any pests that disperse into the site from undocumented sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These can include pest free production sites and pest free places of production as defined in ISPM 10 ( IPPC Secretariat 2016a ). This “registered site” measure typically requires pest surveillance (e.g., trapping), with a corrective action imposed if pest detection exceeds a corrective action threshold, and suspension of the business if it exceeds a rejection threshold ( van Klinken et al 2021 ). Site-based monitoring also reflects the level at which management decisions, that are often required rapidly, are undertaken ( Lasa et al 2015 , IPPC Secretariat 2016a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation to investigate site-based monitoring of pest insect species for trade

Klinken

Gladish

Manoukis

et al. 2023

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Pest insect surveillance using lures is widely used to support market access requirements for traded articles that are hosts or carriers of quarantine pests. Modeling has been used extensively to guide the design of surveillance to support pest free area claims but is less commonly applied to provide confidence in pest freedom or low pest prevalence within sites registered for trade. Site-based surveillance typically needs to detect pests that are already present in the site or that may be entering the site from surrounding areas. We assessed the ability of site-based surveillance strategies to detect pests originating from within or outside the registered site using a probabilistic trapping network simulation model with random-walk insect movement and biologically realistic parameters. For a given release size, time-dependent detection probability was primarily determined by trap density and lure attractiveness, whereas mean step size (daily dispersal) had limited effect. Results were robust to site shape and size. For pests already within the site, detection was most sensitive using regularly spaced traps. Perimeter traps performed best for detecting pests moving into the site, although the importance of trap arrangement decreased with time from release, and random trap placement performed relatively well compared to regularly spaced traps. High detection probabilities were achievable within 7 days using realistic values for lure attractiveness and trap density. These findings, together with the modeling approach, can guide the development of internationally agreed principles for designing site-based surveillance of lure-attractant pests that is calibrated against the risk of non-detection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation to investigate site-based monitoring of pest insect species for trade

Klinken

Gladish

Manoukis

et al. 2023

Journal of Economic Entomology

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A menu of measures to manage trade-related plant pest risks, and a review of methods for demonstrating measure efficacy

et al. 2022

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Ever-increasing global trade is one of the most important introduction pathways for plant pests. A diverse range of risk-reducing measures can be applied depending on the pest, the commodity and the import requirements. We used a review of over 1,800 risk reduction measures to extend a risk framework and menu of measures, previously developed for horticulture, to be applied to any commodity. We also reviewed how the efficacy of risk reduction measures is demonstrated, and assessed the maturity of the supporting science. We identified 39 unique risk reduction measures that were classified according to how they reduce risk. These were grouped under ten measure categories and four risk reduction objectives (minimising exposure to pest, minimising vulnerability of the commodity, reducing infestation rate and reducing establishment risk). These could then be applied against one or more consignment stages (production, post-production and post-border). Measures covered both commercial activities that reduce risk and may contribute to pest risk assessment, and regulated measures mandated to address unrestricted risk. Almost 90% of citations included measures that minimised exposure to pests or reduced infestation. Some measures were rarely reported, and some commodity classes had few measures associated with them, suggesting that available measures are being underutilised. Clear guidance was apparent for demonstrating efficacy of some measures (e.g., kill treatments), but lacking for many others. Compiling a ‘menu of risk reduction measures’ according to how they reduce risk, accompanied by clear guidelines for demonstrating efficacy, provides a robust basis for agreement between jurisdictions, and the further development, refinement and communication of efforts to both assess and manage the risk of global, trade-related pest movement. Agreement on how efficacy can be demonstrated for less utilised measures identified in this study will contribute to the further development of risk-based trade.

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The importance of distinguishing between demonstrating the efficacy and implementation of phytosanitary systems approaches

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Simulation to investigate site-based monitoring of pest insect species for trade

Simulation to investigate site-based monitoring of pest insect species for trade

A menu of measures to manage trade-related plant pest risks, and a review of methods for demonstrating measure efficacy

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