The Importance of Foot Pressure in Diabetes

Fernando, Malindu E.; Crowther, Robert G.; Wearing, Scott

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14418-4_39

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…The important role of pedobarography, as a diagnostic procedure, in plantar pressure pattern and value creating during stance and/or gait is confirmed in many studies. Unfortunately, as was mentioned by Fernando et al [30], there is no standardized protocol for this assessment up to now. In summary, because of the complexity of the problem and due to the lack of good quality studies, there is no clear information on how to assess the plantar pressure in the guidelines which is dedicated to the diabetic foot prevention and treatment [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subjects need special training for the optimal measurements before the dynamic pressure assessment, which is time consuming. The evaluation also requires additional skills [30]. For this reason, most dynamic pressure measurement devices are not routinely used as screening tools in daily clinical practice in patients with diabetes and are rather used for clinical research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the application of footwear insoles with different sensor locations does not reflect the “daily work” of the foot because people walk at different speeds during everyday activities and use several types of footwear. The changes observed during standing are mainly the result of foot pathology, while during the walk, the abnormal image of pressure on the foot may be affected by other disorders: pain in the knees, hips, or spine [30]. Some authors [36] found that dynamic measurement is identical or even inferior to the static one because during walking, antalgic gait is promoted, so the real forces on the patients' soles could be misinterpreted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of the Highest Plantar Pressure Regions in Patients with Diabetes and Its Association with Peripheral Neuropathy, Gender, Age, and BMI: One Centre Study

Sutkowska

Sutkowski

Sokołowski

et al. 2019

Journal of Diabetes Research

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The abnormal plantar pressure distribution and value play a key role in the formation of plantar calluses and diabetic foot ulcer. The prevalence of the highest pressure different distribution and its association with various factors among patients with diabetes is not well known. The study purpose was to evaluate the prevalence of different regions for the highest pressure on the sole and its association with selected factors among patients with diabetes. Medical records of nonulcer patients were retrospectively analysed. The relationship between pressure patterns on the sole obtained during a pedobarographic test as a semiquantitative assessment with colourful print analysis and neuropathy, gender, age, and BMI was searched. The most common location of the highest pressure was the central part of the forefoot. No association was found between the different highest pressure regions and age, sensory neuropathy, calluses, and foot deformities. The highest pressure on the lateral part of the foot and midfoot was observed more often in females and in patients with a BMI≥35. The prevalence of the highest pressure on the forefoot was more common in patients with a BMI<35. Conclusions. The most frequent regions of the highest pressure on the sole in patients with diabetes were the central part of the forefoot (2-3 metatarsal heads) with no simple relationship to the assessed variables other than BMI<35. Female gender and higher BMI seem to be responsible for shifting the place of the highest pressure to other places of the foot.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of the Highest Plantar Pressure Regions in Patients with Diabetes and Its Association with Peripheral Neuropathy, Gender, Age, and BMI: One Centre Study

Sutkowska

Sutkowski

Sokołowski

et al. 2019

Journal of Diabetes Research

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“…These systems differ in relation to the types of sensors used to measure plantar pressure; for example, some have large capacitive sensors and others have smaller resistive sensors or piezoelectric sensors which are more temperature-sensitive. Therefore, the user should be familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of each system, as this determines the application and the quality of data obtained [ 36 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Monitoring Plantar Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further developments are needed before this approach can be implemented in a remote management program. It should be noted that there is a paucity of commercially available sensors for monitoring adherence easily and accurately, and most of the aforementioned sensors have only been used in a research context [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Offloading Footwear Adherence Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Sensors, Wearables and Telehealth in the Remote Management of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease

Golledge

Fernando

Lazzarini

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Diabetes-related foot disease (DFD), which includes foot ulcers, infection and gangrene, is a leading cause of the global disability burden. About half of people who develop DFD experience a recurrence within one year. Long-term medical management to reduce the risk of recurrence is therefore important to reduce the global DFD burden. This review describes research assessing the value of sensors, wearables and telehealth in preventing DFD. Sensors and wearables have been developed to monitor foot temperature, plantar pressures, glucose, blood pressure and lipids. The monitoring of these risk factors along with telehealth consultations has promise as a method for remotely managing people who are at risk of DFD. This approach can potentially avoid or reduce the need for face-to-face consultations. Home foot temperature monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring and telehealth consultations are the approaches for which the most highly developed and user-friendly technology has been developed. A number of clinical studies in people at risk of DFD have demonstrated benefits when using one of these remote monitoring methods. Further development and evidence are needed for some of the other approaches, such as home plantar pressure and footwear adherence monitoring. As yet, no composite remote management program incorporating remote monitoring and the management of all the key risk factors for DFD has been developed and implemented. Further research assessing the feasibility and value of combining these remote monitoring approaches as a holistic way of preventing DFD is needed.

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