The Importance of Local Eosinophilia in the Surgical Outcome of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A 3-Year Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with/without nasal polyps (CRSwNP/CRSsNP) benefit from endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), with an estimated success rate of 80%. At present, the influence on clinical outcome after ESS of eosinophils, eosinophilic mucin (EM), and fungal hyphae (FH) in secretions remains unclear. By delineating CRS groups and subgroups based on the finding of eosinophils, EM, and FH, differences in recurrence after ESS were investigated. Methods A prospective monocenter study including 221 CRS patients who were unresponsive to medical treatment and underwent ESS was performed. All tissue and sinonasal secretions were microscopically examined for the presence of eosinophils, EM, and FH. Patients were followed for 3 years after surgery. Recurrence was defined according to the European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Results In total, 96 CRSwNP and 125 CRSsNP patients were included. Tissue eosinophils were found in 78% of CRSwNP patients compared with 42% in CRSsNP patients. EM was observed in 52% of the CRSwNP group versus 20% of the CRSsNP group. Furthermore, secretion analysis revealed FH in 7% of CRS. Recurrence in the total group was 22% over 3 years. CRSwNP patients with tissue eosinophilic involvement showed a recurrence rate of 48%, and those with additional EM showed recurrence in 56%. Conclusion The presence of eosinophils in tissue or airway secretions greatly increases the risk of recurrent disease in CRSwNP patients. The finding of tissue eosinophilia and EM provides valuable information regarding the increased likelihood of CRS recurrence after ESS, whereas the finding of FH does not.

Real-life study showing uncontrolled rhinosinusitis after sinus surgery in a tertiary referral centre

“…This finding is surprising as the current perception of success of FESS is higher 1. The success rate seen as symptomatic improvement after FESS can be as high as 80% in patients with and without nasal polyps 12.…”

A prospective analysis evaluating tissue biopsy location and its clinical relevance in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

“…9–13 It is additionally recognized that the presence of NP and eosinophilia at the time of sinus surgery are also associated with increased rates of postsurgical medication use, recurrence, and revision sinus surgery. 14–20 Thus, accurately identifying patients at risk for recurrence is important for tailoring individualized treatment plans. Given the increasing availability of biological agents specifically targeting aspects of eosinophilic inflammation, accurately identifying the patients most at risk for pathogenic eosinophilic inflammation is also becoming increasingly important.…”

A Retrospective Analysis of γδ T Cell Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Association with Recurrence of Nasal Polyps

“…CRSwNP remains difficult to treat and has a high recurrence rate despite adequate and regular medical and surgical therapy. Patients with mucosal eosinophilia typically have a higher polyp recurrence and worse surgical outcomes [9,10,11]. According to a recent study by Lou et al [12], over 50% patients with CRSwNP experienced recurrence.…”