The importance of neutralization in the evaluation of triclosan-containing products

McDonnell, Gerald; Klein, D.R.; Haines, K; Pretzer, Denise K.

doi:10.1038/sj.jim.2900564

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…That is, despite dilution, the remaining concentration may exert some disinfectant action in the time elapsed until it was seeded on the plate, as reported previously (McDonnell et al . ). However, this procedure makes it possible to confirm that disinfectant activity exists.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Specificity of the neutralizers as the cause of errors in evaluating disinfectant efficacy: an assessment of triclosan

Fernández-Crehuet

Espigares

Moreno

et al. 2013

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Significance and Impact of the Study: The choice of an adequate neutralizing agent is essential for obtaining precise results in the evaluation of disinfectants using the dilution-neutralization method. In this study, we show that the neutralization of triclosan and some of its commercial solutions is not a simple task, requiring complex neutralizers. Moreover, the action of the neutralizer is shown to depend on the micro-organism tested. Specificity in view of the disinfectant and the micro-organism calls for performing the neutralizing assay in each particular case of application of the dilution-neutralization method. We also demonstrate that some of the neutralizers described for triclosan in previous studies are not sufficiently effective. AbstractOne of the most commonly used methods for assessing disinfectants in vitro is the dilution-neutralization test. Although it is known that using an effective neutralizer is essential for obtaining reliable results, in the case of disinfectants like triclosan, whose neutralization is more complicated, an adequate neutralizer is not always used. Here, we compare the efficacy of different neutralizers described previously, and others that have been modified, against several antiseptic formulations of triclosan. The strains of reference used were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The solutions of antiseptic were triclosan 2% aqueous solution, and three alcoholic solutions containing 2, 0Á068 and 0Á5% triclosan, respectively. In the dilution-neutralization test, six neutralizers with different degrees of complexity were assayed. Our results show that the antiseptic solutions studied are effective against the strains of reference, with the exception of triclosan 2% aqueous solution against Ps. aeruginosa. Most neutralizers proved ineffective, depending on the antiseptic solution and the bacterial species, particularly in the case of Staph. aureus. These findings confirm a need to test every neutralizer specifically for each disinfectant, at the maximum concentration used, and for every specific bacterial strain.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Specificity of the neutralizers as the cause of errors in evaluating disinfectant efficacy: an assessment of triclosan

Fernández-Crehuet

Espigares

Moreno

et al. 2013

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…The originally reported e¡ects of triclosan on membrane structure and function are therefore explainable as secondary e¡ects arising from speci¢c inhibition of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, which in turn a¡ects the many processes depending on lipid synthesis, e.g., phospholipid, lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein synthesis. Although proponents of the multiple target hypothesis still argue that the higher concentrations of triclosan used in antiseptic products (2^20 mg ml 31 ) cause cell lysis due to a multitude of e¡ects, including inhibition of lipid, RNA, protein synthesis and membrane perturbations [9], no convincing experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis exists. Unfortunately, laboratory experiments using higher triclosan concentrations under de¢ned conditions are hampered by the low solubility of triclosan in aqueous solutions ( 6 0.2 mg ml 31 , depending on medium composition and pH).…”

Section: Mode Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It was reasoned that the altered fatty acid composition in this mutant may create a permeability barrier which is alterable by varying divalent cation concentrations. Although yet more recent studies again suggested multiple cellular targets, their identities were never revealed at the molecular level [9]. The status quo in terms of identifying a cellular triclosan target was ¢nally broken by several studies performed with E. coli [10,11], P. aeruginosa [12], Mycobacterium smegmatis [13,14], Mycobacterium tuberculosis [14] and S. aureus [15].…”

Section: Mode Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triclosan: a widely used biocide and its link to antibiotics

Schweizer

2001

FEMS Microbiology Letters

109

148

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Triclosan is the active ingredient in a multitude of health care and consumer products with germicidal properties, which have flooded the market in recent years in response to the public's fear of communicable bacteria. Although originally thought to kill bacteria by attacking multiple cellular targets, triclosan was recently shown to target a specific bacterial fatty acid biosynthetic enzyme, enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase, in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as in the Mycobacteria. Triclosan resistance mechanisms include target mutations, increased target expression, active efflux from the cell, and enzymatic inactivation/degradation. These are the same types of mechanisms involved in antibiotic resistance and some of them account for the observed cross-resistance with antibiotics in laboratory isolates. Therefore, there is a link between triclosan and antibiotics, and the widespread use of triclosan-containing antiseptics and disinfectants may indeed aid in development of microbial resistance, in particular cross-resistance to antibiotics. ß

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The importance of neutralization in the evaluation of triclosan-containing products

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Specificity of the neutralizers as the cause of errors in evaluating disinfectant efficacy: an assessment of triclosan

Specificity of the neutralizers as the cause of errors in evaluating disinfectant efficacy: an assessment of triclosan

Triclosan: a widely used biocide and its link to antibiotics

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