THE IMPORTANCE OF P16 GENE EXPRESSION AS A FACTOR OF TUMOR BLAST CELL TRANSFORMATION (literature review)

Abstract

For a more accurate prediction of tumor behavior and individualization of treatment approach, it is necessary to improve new methods of early diagnosis of precancerous conditions. The article provides an overview of the modern understanding of the mechanisms of gene p16 expression as a factor in tumor growth. Data on the relevance of studying the pathogenesis of tumor blast transformation in invasive breast cancer are presented. These tumors require the combined interdisciplinary work of highly qualified specialists and ultra-modern technologies to achieve a positive result. The link between the formation of malignant breast tumors and human papillomavirus is described. 
 The purpose of this study was to review the futuristically significant immunohistochemical analysis of p16 in patients of different age groups with common cervical cancer and breast cancer. 
 The possibility of using the determination of p16 expression as a prognostic marker for breast cancer is shown, as well as the results of studying the expression of p16 and p53 in triple-negative breast cancer. The data reflecting the dependence of the suppressor function efficiency on the localization of p16 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix are analyzed. The dependence of p16INK4a expression on the severity of malignant cervical lesions is indicated, and the effect of chemotherapy on p16 expression is considered. By studying and applying information on the ontogenetic variability of the p16 gene, it is possible to significantly increase the accuracy of predicting the clinical and pathomorphological course of cancer of any nature of occurrence and to select adequate therapy: gene, chemotherapy, radiation therapy.