The importance of permafrost in the steady and fast increase in net primary production of the grassland on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Li, Chuanhua; Sun, Hao; Liu, Lihui; Dou, Tianbao; Zhou, Min; Li, Wangping; Wu, Xiaodong

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2021.105964

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The increase of NPP over the entire TP is consistent with Zhuang 2010) who found that the TP changed from a small carbon source or neutral state in the early part of the century to a carbon sink later on, which indicates improved ecosystem productivity with time. The great spatial heterogeneity in annual NPP change in the future on the TP is similar to that of the historical period which has been reported by Cuo et al (2021), C. Li et al (2022), andPiao et al (2012). Vegetation productivity change in the DPSZs on the TP is apparently opposite to that in the arctic and subarctic regions in the historical period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Further, about 80%-90% of total soil respiration released CO 2 is in the top 10 cm soil depth where up to 90% of the living root and rhizome biomass exist (Billings et al, 1977). More recently, C. Li et al (2022) examined NPP that represents the whole biomass for permafrost and non-permafrost soils and found that NPP displayed mostly non-significant trends, followed by significantly increasing trends, with only a few significantly decreasing trends for both soil types on the TP during 2000-2018. These recent studies only examined static soil types (e.g., permafrost vs. non-permafrost soils specifically) during their study periods and did not show how the entire biomass changed dynamically with permafrost soil degradation over the time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical and Future Vegetation Changes in the Degraded Frozen Soil and the Entire Tibetan Plateau and Climate Drivers

Cuo

Zhang

2022

JGR Biogeosciences

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About 99% of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is covered by frozen soils and degradation of frozen soils will certainly impact TP's ecosystems. Here, we investigate decadal changes of frozen soils and net primary productivity (NPP, representing vegetation) in the degraded frozen soil zones and the TP during 1982–2014 and 2015–2100 using a dynamic vegetation model, historical records and the latest CMIP6 projections, as well as observation‐based soil temperature thresholds. In 1982–2014, degraded permafrost soil zones were in the range of 316,975–455,402 km2, with mean annual NPP staying around 84.9 gCm−2 and annual NPP showing a significant reduction at −1.71 gCm−2/year due primarily to warming air. Seasonally frozen soil also degraded by 15,636 km2 in the southeast TP, with mean annual NPP staying around 620.0 gCm−2 and annual NPP showing a significant increase at 11.00 gCm−2/year. In the future, frozen soil continues to degrade and the degradation accelerates toward the end of the century such that only 2.7% of permafrost soil in 2014 is left by 2080–2100 under the shared socioeconomic pathway SSP5‐8.5. Mean annual NPP in the permafrost soil degraded zones in 2015–2100 is about half of that for 1982–2014, with spatially mixed decrease and increase trends in the near‐, mid‐, and long‐term periods. Over the seasonally frozen soil degraded zones and the entire TP, more positive than negative annual NPP changes are seen in 2015–2100, especially in the southeast of the TP, due to improved growing conditions and the expansion of primarily subtropical and temperate scrubland.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical and Future Vegetation Changes in the Degraded Frozen Soil and the Entire Tibetan Plateau and Climate Drivers

Cuo

Zhang

2022

JGR Biogeosciences

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“…However, contrary to our general understanding, the simulation shows that the rate of change in NPP in the present permafrost zone is significantly greater than that in the SFG zone. Li et al (2022) calculated the temporal and spatial changes of NPP on the QTP using the random forest and the Biome-BGC model and also found that the NPP change rate in permafrost regions was higher than nonpermafrost regions, confirming the same finding from our simulation. Since permafrost is very sensitive to climate change, a small change in air temperature may result in considerable heat disturbance in the ground.…”

Section: Implications For Npp Responses To Permafrost Degradationsupporting

confidence: 84%

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of NPP Changes in Frozen Ground Areas of the Three-River Headwaters Region, China: A Regional Modeling Perspective

Zhang

2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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Permafrost degradation triggered by climate warming can disturb alpine ecosystem stability and further influence net primary productivity (NPP). Known as the “water tower of China”, the Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR) on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau (QTP), is characterized by a fragile alpine meadow ecosystem underlain by large areas of unstable permafrost and has been subject to rapid climate change in recent decades. Despite some site-specific studies, the spatial and temporal changes in NPP in the different frozen ground zones across the TRHR associated with climate change remain poorly understood. In this study, a physically explicit Noah land surface model with multi-parameterization options (Noah-MP) was employed to simulate NPP changes on the TRHR during 1989–2018. The simulation was performed with a spatial resolution of 0.1° and a temporal resolution of 3h, and validated at two sites with meteorological and flux observations. The results show that the average NPP was estimated to be 299.7 g C m−2 yr−1 in the seasonally frozen ground (SFG) zone and 198.5 g C m−2 yr−1 in the permafrost zone. NPP in the TRHR increased at a rate of 1.09 g C m−2 yr−2 during 1989–2018, increasing in 1989–2003 and then decreasing in subsequent years. The NPP in permafrost area increased at a rate of 1.43 g C m−2 yr−2 during 1989–2018, which is much higher than the rate of change in NPP in the SFG area (0.67 g C m−2 yr−2). Permafrost degradation has complicated ecosystem implications. In areas where permafrost degradation has occurred, both increasing and decreasing changes in NPP have been observed.

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“…Source codes of BBMS were open‐access and can be easily deployed for local running (https://nimbus.elte.hu/bbgc/). Meanwhile, BBMS was developed from Biome‐BGC, which has been widely used in China before (B. Huang et al., 2022; Li et al., 2022; Q. Liu et al., 2022; Yan et al., 2016; Zheng et al., 2022). Biophysical parameters of BBMS have already been localized in previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, BBMS was developed from Biome-BGC, which has been widely used in China before (B. Huang et al, 2022;Li et al, 2022;Q. Liu et al, 2022;Yan et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Rising CO₂ Amplify the Impact of Land Use/Cover Change on Carbon Budget Differentially Across China

Huang

Sun

et al. 2023

Earth's Future

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Optimizing land use/cover (LUC) decisions has been deemed the most efficient and low-cost way to mitigate climate change and realize carbon neutrality (Drever et al., 2021;Fargione Joseph et al., 2018;Griscom Bronson et al., 2017). Meanwhile, numerous studies have asserted that climate change and rising CO 2 (CCRC) have a considerable effect on vegetation growth and decomposition (Mitchard, 2018;Walker et al., 2021). These global change factors undoubtedly interact with land use/cover change (LUCC) and affect the carbon cycle. However, few studies have measured the amplifying/reducing effect of CCRC on LUCC-induced carbon sink/source changes.

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The importance of permafrost in the steady and fast increase in net primary production of the grassland on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Cited by 12 publications

References 68 publications

Historical and Future Vegetation Changes in the Degraded Frozen Soil and the Entire Tibetan Plateau and Climate Drivers

Historical and Future Vegetation Changes in the Degraded Frozen Soil and the Entire Tibetan Plateau and Climate Drivers

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of NPP Changes in Frozen Ground Areas of the Three-River Headwaters Region, China: A Regional Modeling Perspective

Climate Change and Rising CO₂ Amplify the Impact of Land Use/Cover Change on Carbon Budget Differentially Across China

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The importance of permafrost in the steady and fast increase in net primary production of the grassland on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Cited by 12 publications

References 68 publications

Historical and Future Vegetation Changes in the Degraded Frozen Soil and the Entire Tibetan Plateau and Climate Drivers

Historical and Future Vegetation Changes in the Degraded Frozen Soil and the Entire Tibetan Plateau and Climate Drivers

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of NPP Changes in Frozen Ground Areas of the Three-River Headwaters Region, China: A Regional Modeling Perspective

Climate Change and Rising CO2 Amplify the Impact of Land Use/Cover Change on Carbon Budget Differentially Across China

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Climate Change and Rising CO₂ Amplify the Impact of Land Use/Cover Change on Carbon Budget Differentially Across China