The Importance of Superoxide Anion for Escherichia Coli Biofilm Removal Using Plasma-Activated Water

Xia, Baojia; Vyas, Heema Kumari Nilesh; Zhou, Renwu; Zhang, T; Hong, Jungmi; Rothwell, Joanna G.; Rice, Scott A.; Carter, Dee; Ostrikov, Kostya; Cullen, Patrick J.; Mai‐Prochnow, Anne

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4280195

Cited by 7 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…PAW contains various RONS crucial for its antimicrobial effectiveness against bacteria such as E. coli, S. aureus and Listeria monocytogenes [5][6][7] . PAW, produced with different gas sources, yields diverse RONS 4,5 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The versatility of PAW is attractive and the composition can be further modified dependent on the reactor type, voltage settings, frequency discharge, or by using alternate liquids (e.g., tap water, saline solution and buffers). RONS are widely accepted as the microbicidal component of PAW, with activity against biofilm and planktonic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi and viruses [5][6][7][8][9] . PAW targets multiple microbial components such as the membrane, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids 4,6,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, we have generated PAW with differing gas input sources (air, argon, nitrogen and oxygen), finding PAW generated with oxygen as the most effective at eradicating E. coli biofilms that contaminate stainless-steel surfaces 5 . This study found that superoxide was the key ROS implicated in killing E. coli biofilm cells 5 . Despite PAW's promise as an antimicrobial agent, research has primarily focused on antimicrobial susceptibility assays reliant on colony counts, observing morphological/architectural changes via microscopy (e.g., scanning electron or confocal laser scanning microscopy), intracellular RONS accumulation assays, or observing protein and DNA release.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptional Signatures Associated with the Survival ofEscherichia coliBiofilm During Treatment with Plasma-Activated Water

Vyas,

Hoque,

Xia

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Biofilm formation on surfaces, tools and equipment can damage their quality and lead to high repair or replacement costs. Plasma-activated water (PAW), a new technology, has shown promise in killing biofilm and non-biofilm bacteria due to its mix of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and in particular superoxide. However, the specific genetic mechanisms behind PAWs effectiveness, especially against biofilms, are not yet fully understood. Here, we examined the stress responses ofEscherichia colibiofilms when exposed to sub-lethal PAW treatment with and without superoxide (by adding the scavenger Tiron to remove it). A 40 percent variation in gene expression was observed for PAW treated biofilms when compared to PAW-Tiron and controls. Specifically, PAW treatment resulted in 478 upregulated genes (> 1.5 log2FC) and 186 downregulated genes (< -1.5 log2FC) compared to the control. Pathway enrichment and biological process enrichment analysis revealed significant upregulation of sulfur metabolism, ATP-binding cassette transporter genes, amino acid metabolic/biosynthesis pathways, hypochlorite response systems and oxidative phosphorylation for biofilms treated with PAW compared to control. Knockout mutants of significantly upregulated genes associated with these pathwaystrxC(4.23–fold),cysP(1.58–fold) andnuoM(1.74–fold) were compared to the wild-type (WT) for their biofilm viability and intracellular RONS accumulation. Relative to PAW-treated WT, ΔtrxCand ΔnuoMknockout mutants displayed significantly reduced biofilm viability confirming their role in PAW-mediated response. Interestingly, ΔtrxCbiofilms had the highest intracellular ROS accumulation, as revealed by DCFDA staining after PAW treatment. This study gives a detailed insight into howE. colibiofilms respond to oxidative stress induced by PAW. It highlights the significance of superoxide in PAW's bactericidal effects. Overall, our findings shed light on the specific genes and pathways that helpE. colibiofilms survive and respond to PAW treatment, offering a new understanding of plasma technology and its anti-biofilm mechanisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptional Signatures Associated with the Survival ofEscherichia coliBiofilm During Treatment with Plasma-Activated Water

Vyas,

Hoque,

Xia

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Similarly, Xia et al. (2023) reported that the oxygen toxicity of ∙O 2 − radicals in PAW generated using oxygen are responsible for the removal of E. coli biofilms. Other authors reported that the ONOO - species in PAW was the main factor inducing the antimicrobial effect (Ikawa et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2018).…”

Section: Microbial Inactivation By Pawmentioning

confidence: 93%

A review on plasma‐activated water and its application in the meat industry

Hadinoto,

Niemira,

Trujillo

2023

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Meat is a nutritious food with a short shelf life, making it challenging to ensure safety, quality, and nutritional value. Foodborne pathogens and oxidation are the main concerns that lead to health risks and economic losses. Conventional approaches like hot water, steam pasteurization, and chemical washes for meat decontamination improve safety but cause nutritional and quality issues. Plasma‐activated water (PAW) is a potential alternative to thermal treatment that can reduce oxidation and microbial growth, an essential factor in ensuring safety, quality, and nutritional value. This review explores the different types of PAW and their physiochemical properties. It also outlines the reaction pathways involved in the generation of short‐lived and long‐lived reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RONS) in PAW, which contribute to its antimicrobial abilities. The review also highlights current studies on PAW inactivation against various planktonic bacteria, as well as critical processing parameters that can improve PAW inactivation efficacy. Promising applications of PAW for meat curing, thawing, and decontamination are discussed, with emphasis on the need to understand how RONS in PAW affect meat quality. Recent reports on combining PAW with ultrasound, mild heating, and non‐thermal plasma to improve inactivation efficacy are also presented. Finally, the need to develop energy‐efficient systems for the production and scalability of PAW is discussed for its use as a potential meat disinfectant without compromising meat quality.

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“…[15][16][17][18] In addition, it is also found that superoxide anion radicals are important for the antimicrobial effects of PAW. [19] These species are relatively short-lived and do not leave chemical residues on treated products, which makes PAW notably safer than common chemical fungicides. [18,20] PAW has the advantages of high efficiency, uniformity, and low risk, which makes PAW promising for the sterilization and preservation of fruits and vegetables.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of air, O₂, Ar, and N₂ plasma‐activated water on mildewing activity of moldy pathogen of Gannan navel oranges

Tan,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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In this study, the physicochemical properties of plasma‐activated water (PAW) prepared from air, , , and plasma and the trend of the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) with respect to time were investigated and related to the effect of PAW on navel orange mold. The results showed that PAW had a strong lethal effect on navel orange mold and could effectively inhibit the mildewing activity of pathogenic spores. In addition, PAW is effective in reducing weight loss and decay of navel oranges during storage. This study suggests the potential application of PAW to prevent fungal infections during storage of agricultural products.

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The Importance of Superoxide Anion for Escherichia Coli Biofilm Removal Using Plasma-Activated Water

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Transcriptional Signatures Associated with the Survival ofEscherichia coliBiofilm During Treatment with Plasma-Activated Water

Transcriptional Signatures Associated with the Survival ofEscherichia coliBiofilm During Treatment with Plasma-Activated Water

A review on plasma‐activated water and its application in the meat industry

Effect of air, O₂, Ar, and N₂ plasma‐activated water on mildewing activity of moldy pathogen of Gannan navel oranges

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The Importance of Superoxide Anion for Escherichia Coli Biofilm Removal Using Plasma-Activated Water

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Transcriptional Signatures Associated with the Survival ofEscherichia coliBiofilm During Treatment with Plasma-Activated Water

Transcriptional Signatures Associated with the Survival ofEscherichia coliBiofilm During Treatment with Plasma-Activated Water

A review on plasma‐activated water and its application in the meat industry

Effect of air, O2, Ar, and N2 plasma‐activated water on mildewing activity of moldy pathogen of Gannan navel oranges

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Effect of air, O₂, Ar, and N₂ plasma‐activated water on mildewing activity of moldy pathogen of Gannan navel oranges