The Importance of Vitamins A, C, and D in the Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2

Şengül, Fatma Nur; Şahin, Ali; Akat, Fatma; Vatansev, Hüsamettin

doi:10.5222/tji.2021.57966

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…40 There has been a renewed interest in vitamin D playing a therapeutic role during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering its immunomodulatory properties affecting both the innate and cell-mediated immune system, antioxidative effect, inhibition of ACE2 expression and pleiotropic effect on endothelial function. [15][16][17][18]41,42 Observational studies from…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depression is common among the general population during the pandemic 39 and in COVID‐19 patients 40 . There has been a renewed interest in vitamin D playing a therapeutic role during the COVID‐19 pandemic, considering its immunomodulatory properties affecting both the innate and cell‐mediated immune system, antioxidative effect, inhibition of ACE2 expression and pleiotropic effect on endothelial function 15–18,41,42 . Observational studies from Italy and Spain at the onset of pandemic suggested poor outcomes with COVID‐19 in people with vitamin D deficiency 43,44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, some of these factors have also been linked to higher risk of vitamin D deficiency, 9 while a large number of studies regarding the possible association between vitamin D levels and the risk of COVID‐19 contraction and worse outcomes have been published 10–15 . This link between vitamin D levels and COVID‐19 outcomes can be explained based on the immunomodulatory actions of calcitriol, the interaction with the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS), as well as its protection against endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis 16–18 . Moreover, vitamin D suppresses cytokine production by simultaneously boosting the innate immune system, thus reducing the SARS‐CoV‐2 load, and decreasing the overactivation of the adaptive immune system to immediately respond to the viral load 19 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] This link between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 outcomes can be explained based on the immunomodulatory actions of calcitriol, the interaction with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), as well as its protection against endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis. [16][17][18] Moreover, vitamin D suppresses cytokine production by simultaneously boosting the innate immune system, thus reducing the SARS-CoV-2 load, and decreasing the overactivation of the adaptive immune system to immediately respond to the viral load. 19 At the beginning of the pandemic when effective drugs and vaccines were not available, 20,21 there were physicians who prescribed treatments that were not proven to be useful: chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), azithromycin, 22,23 ivermectine, 24 and nitroxamide, 25 and advocate their use either for prevention or early treatment based on medical ethical autonomy to prescribe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D prescribing practices among clinical practitioners during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Jude

Tentolouris

Rastogi

et al. 2022

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aims: COVID-19 has caused devastation globally. Low vitamin D status, particularly during the winter months, remains commonplace around the world, and it is thought to be one of the contributing factors toward causation and severity of COVID-19. Many guidelines do not recommend vitamin D for the treatment or prevention of the disease. Hence, we set out to conduct a global survey to understand the use and prescribing habits of vitamin D among clinicians for COVID-19. Methods: An online anonymous questionnaire was sent to clinicians enquiring about their prescribing habits of vitamin D and personal use of vitamin D. Data of the survey were collected between January 15, 2021, and February 13, 2021.Results: Four thousand four hundred forty practicing clinicians were included in the analysis, with the majority of those responding from Asia, followed by Europe. 82.9% prescribed vitamin D before COVID-19, more commonly among general practitioners (GPs) in comparison with medical specialists, and Asian clinicians were more likely to prescribe vitamin D in comparison with Caucasian physicians (p < 0.01). GPs were also more likely to prescribe vitamin D prophylactically to prevent COVID-19 in comparison with medical specialists (OR 1.47, p < 0.01). Most GPs (72.8%) would also prescribe vitamin D to treat COVID-19 in comparison with medical specialists (OR 1.81, p < 0.01), as well as more Asian in comparison with Caucasian physicians (OR 4.57, p < 0.01). 80.4% of respondents were taking vitamin D, more so in the 45-54 and 65-74 age groups in comparison with the 18-24 years category (OR 2.15 and 2.40, respectively, both p < 0.05), many of whom did so before . Conclusion:This survey has shown that many clinicians would prescribe vitamin D for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The majority would also recommend measuring vitamin D levels, but not so in patients with COVID-19.

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